======================================================================== * README.md ======================================================================== # NAME HTTP::Message - HTTP style message (base class) # VERSION version 6.29 # SYNOPSIS use base 'HTTP::Message'; # DESCRIPTION An `HTTP::Message` object contains some headers and a content body. The following methods are available: - $mess = HTTP::Message->new - $mess = HTTP::Message->new( $headers ) - $mess = HTTP::Message->new( $headers, $content ) This constructs a new message object. Normally you would want construct `HTTP::Request` or `HTTP::Response` objects instead. The optional $header argument should be a reference to an `HTTP::Headers` object or a plain array reference of key/value pairs. If an `HTTP::Headers` object is provided then a copy of it will be embedded into the constructed message, i.e. it will not be owned and can be modified afterwards without affecting the message. The optional $content argument should be a string of bytes. - $mess = HTTP::Message->parse( $str ) This constructs a new message object by parsing the given string. - $mess->headers Returns the embedded `HTTP::Headers` object. - $mess->headers\_as\_string - $mess->headers\_as\_string( $eol ) Call the as\_string() method for the headers in the message. This will be the same as $mess->headers->as_string but it will make your program a whole character shorter :-) - $mess->content - $mess->content( $bytes ) The content() method sets the raw content if an argument is given. If no argument is given the content is not touched. In either case the original raw content is returned. If the `undef` argument is given, the content is reset to its default value, which is an empty string. Note that the content should be a string of bytes. Strings in perl can contain characters outside the range of a byte. The `Encode` module can be used to turn such strings into a string of bytes. - $mess->add\_content( $bytes ) The add\_content() methods appends more data bytes to the end of the current content buffer. - $mess->add\_content\_utf8( $string ) The add\_content\_utf8() method appends the UTF-8 bytes representing the string to the end of the current content buffer. - $mess->content\_ref - $mess->content\_ref( \\$bytes ) The content\_ref() method will return a reference to content buffer string. It can be more efficient to access the content this way if the content is huge, and it can even be used for direct manipulation of the content, for instance: ${$res->content_ref} =~ s/\bfoo\b/bar/g; This example would modify the content buffer in-place. If an argument is passed it will setup the content to reference some external source. The content() and add\_content() methods will automatically dereference scalar references passed this way. For other references content() will return the reference itself and add\_content() will refuse to do anything. - $mess->content\_charset This returns the charset used by the content in the message. The charset is either found as the charset attribute of the `Content-Type` header or by guessing. See [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/charset.html#spec-char-encoding](http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/charset.html#spec-char-encoding) for details about how charset is determined. - $mess->decoded\_content( %options ) Returns the content with any `Content-Encoding` undone and for textual content the raw content encoded to Perl's Unicode strings. If the `Content-Encoding` or `charset` of the message is unknown this method will fail by returning `undef`. The following options can be specified. - `charset` This override the charset parameter for text content. The value `none` can used to suppress decoding of the charset. - `default_charset` This override the default charset guessed by content\_charset() or if that fails "ISO-8859-1". - `alt_charset` If decoding fails because the charset specified in the Content-Type header isn't recognized by Perl's Encode module, then try decoding using this charset instead of failing. The `alt_charset` might be specified as `none` to simply return the string without any decoding of charset as alternative. - `charset_strict` Abort decoding if malformed characters is found in the content. By default you get the substitution character ("\\x{FFFD}") in place of malformed characters. - `raise_error` If TRUE then raise an exception if not able to decode content. Reason might be that the specified `Content-Encoding` or `charset` is not supported. If this option is FALSE, then decoded\_content() will return `undef` on errors, but will still set $@. - `ref` If TRUE then a reference to decoded content is returned. This might be more efficient in cases where the decoded content is identical to the raw content as no data copying is required in this case. - $mess->decodable - HTTP::Message::decodable() This returns the encoding identifiers that decoded\_content() can process. In scalar context returns a comma separated string of identifiers. This value is suitable for initializing the `Accept-Encoding` request header field. - $mess->decode This method tries to replace the content of the message with the decoded version and removes the `Content-Encoding` header. Returns TRUE if successful and FALSE if not. If the message does not have a `Content-Encoding` header this method does nothing and returns TRUE. Note that the content of the message is still bytes after this method has been called and you still need to call decoded\_content() if you want to process its content as a string. - $mess->encode( $encoding, ... ) Apply the given encodings to the content of the message. Returns TRUE if successful. The "identity" (non-)encoding is always supported; other currently supported encodings, subject to availability of required additional modules, are "gzip", "deflate", "x-bzip2" and "base64". A successful call to this function will set the `Content-Encoding` header. Note that `multipart/*` or `message/*` messages can't be encoded and this method will croak if you try. - $mess->parts - $mess->parts( @parts ) - $mess->parts( \\@parts ) Messages can be composite, i.e. contain other messages. The composite messages have a content type of `multipart/*` or `message/*`. This method give access to the contained messages. The argumentless form will return a list of `HTTP::Message` objects. If the content type of $msg is not `multipart/*` or `message/*` then this will return the empty list. In scalar context only the first object is returned. The returned message parts should be regarded as read-only (future versions of this library might make it possible to modify the parent by modifying the parts). If the content type of $msg is `message/*` then there will only be one part returned. If the content type is `message/http`, then the return value will be either an `HTTP::Request` or an `HTTP::Response` object. If a @parts argument is given, then the content of the message will be modified. The array reference form is provided so that an empty list can be provided. The @parts array should contain `HTTP::Message` objects. The @parts objects are owned by $mess after this call and should not be modified or made part of other messages. When updating the message with this method and the old content type of $mess is not `multipart/*` or `message/*`, then the content type is set to `multipart/mixed` and all other content headers are cleared. This method will croak if the content type is `message/*` and more than one part is provided. - $mess->add\_part( $part ) This will add a part to a message. The $part argument should be another `HTTP::Message` object. If the previous content type of $mess is not `multipart/*` then the old content (together with all content headers) will be made part #1 and the content type made `multipart/mixed` before the new part is added. The $part object is owned by $mess after this call and should not be modified or made part of other messages. There is no return value. - $mess->clear Will clear the headers and set the content to the empty string. There is no return value - $mess->protocol - $mess->protocol( $proto ) Sets the HTTP protocol used for the message. The protocol() is a string like `HTTP/1.0` or `HTTP/1.1`. - $mess->clone Returns a copy of the message object. - $mess->as\_string - $mess->as\_string( $eol ) Returns the message formatted as a single string. The optional $eol parameter specifies the line ending sequence to use. The default is "\\n". If no $eol is given then as\_string will ensure that the returned string is newline terminated (even when the message content is not). No extra newline is appended if an explicit $eol is passed. - $mess->dump( %opt ) Returns the message formatted as a string. In void context print the string. This differs from `$mess->as_string` in that it escapes the bytes of the content so that it's safe to print them and it limits how much content to print. The escapes syntax used is the same as for Perl's double quoted strings. If there is no content the string "(no content)" is shown in its place. Options to influence the output can be passed as key/value pairs. The following options are recognized: - maxlength => $num How much of the content to show. The default is 512. Set this to 0 for unlimited. If the content is longer then the string is chopped at the limit and the string "...\\n(### more bytes not shown)" appended. - no\_content => $str Replaces the "(no content)" marker. - prefix => $str A string that will be prefixed to each line of the dump. All methods unknown to `HTTP::Message` itself are delegated to the `HTTP::Headers` object that is part of every message. This allows convenient access to these methods. Refer to [HTTP::Headers](https://metacpan.org/pod/HTTP%3A%3AHeaders) for details of these methods: $mess->header( $field => $val ) $mess->push_header( $field => $val ) $mess->init_header( $field => $val ) $mess->remove_header( $field ) $mess->remove_content_headers $mess->header_field_names $mess->scan( \&doit ) $mess->date $mess->expires $mess->if_modified_since $mess->if_unmodified_since $mess->last_modified $mess->content_type $mess->content_encoding $mess->content_length $mess->content_language $mess->title $mess->user_agent $mess->server $mess->from $mess->referer $mess->www_authenticate $mess->authorization $mess->proxy_authorization $mess->authorization_basic $mess->proxy_authorization_basic # AUTHOR Gisle Aas # COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. ======================================================================== * LICENSE ======================================================================== This software is copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. Terms of the Perl programming language system itself a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version, or b) the "Artistic License" --- The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 --- This software is Copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas. This is free software, licensed under: The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1, February 1989 Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. The General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. You can use it for your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must tell them their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each licensee is addressed as "you". 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph 1 above, provided that you also do the following: a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change; and b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all third parties, at your option). c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General Public License. d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of these terms. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form alone.) Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that accompany that operating system. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use the Program under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so, and all its terms and conditions. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes at assemblers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice That's all there is to it! --- The Artistic License 1.0 --- This software is Copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas. This is free software, licensed under: The Artistic License 1.0 The Artistic License Preamble The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some semblance of artistic control over the development of the package, while giving the users of the package the right to use and distribute the Package in a more-or-less customary fashion, plus the right to make reasonable modifications. 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However, you may distribute this Package in aggregate with other (possibly commercial) programs as part of a larger (possibly commercial) software distribution provided that you do not advertise this Package as a product of your own. 6. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as output from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall under the copyright of this Package, but belong to whomever generated them, and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this Package. 7. C or perl subroutines supplied by you and linked into this Package shall not be considered part of this Package. 8. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 9. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The End