========================================================================
* README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory tree holds version 24.3 of GNU Emacs, the extensible,
customizable, self-documenting real-time display editor.
The file INSTALL in this directory says how to build and install GNU
Emacs on various systems, once you have unpacked or checked out the
entire Emacs file tree.
See the file etc/NEWS for information on new features and other
user-visible changes in recent versions of Emacs.
The file etc/PROBLEMS contains information on many common problems that
occur in building, installing and running Emacs.
You may encounter bugs in this release. If you do, please report
them; your bug reports are valuable contributions to the FSF, since
they allow us to notice and fix problems on machines we don't have, or
in code we don't use often. Please send bug reports to the mailing
list bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
See the "Bugs" section of the Emacs manual for more information on how
to report bugs. (The file `BUGS' in this directory explains how you
can find and read that section using the Info files that come with
Emacs.) See `etc/MAILINGLISTS' for more information on mailing lists
relating to GNU packages.
The `etc' subdirectory contains several other files, named in capital
letters, which you might consider looking at when installing GNU
Emacs.
The file `configure' is a shell script to acclimate Emacs to the
oddities of your processor and operating system. It creates the file
`Makefile' (a script for the `make' program), which automates the
process of building and installing Emacs. See INSTALL for more
detailed information.
The file `configure.ac' is the input used by the autoconf program to
construct the `configure' script. Since Emacs has some configuration
requirements that autoconf can't meet directly, and for historical
reasons, `configure.ac' uses an unholy marriage of custom-baked
configuration code and autoconf macros.
The shell script `autogen.sh' generates 'configure' and other files by
running the GNU build tools autoconf and automake, which in turn use
GNU m4 and Perl. If you want to use it, you will need to install
recent versions of these build tools. This should be needed only if
you edit files like `configure.ac' that specify Emacs's autobuild
procedure.
The file `Makefile.in' is a template used by `configure' to create
`Makefile'.
The file `make-dist' is a shell script to build a distribution tar
file from the current Emacs tree, containing only those files
appropriate for distribution. If you make extensive changes to Emacs,
this script will help you distribute your version to others.
There are several subdirectories:
`src' holds the C code for Emacs (the Emacs Lisp interpreter and
its primitives, the redisplay code, and some basic editing
functions).
`lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp code for Emacs (most everything else).
`leim' holds the library of Emacs input methods, Lisp code and
auxiliary data files required to type international characters
which can't be directly produced by your keyboard.
`lib' holds source code for libraries used by Emacs and its utilities
`lib-src' holds the source code for some utility programs for use by or
with Emacs, like movemail and etags.
`etc' holds miscellaneous architecture-independent data files Emacs
uses, like the tutorial text and tool bar images.
The contents of the `lisp', `leim', `info', and `doc'
subdirectories are architecture-independent too.
`info' holds the Info documentation tree for Emacs.
`doc/emacs' holds the source code for the Emacs Manual. If you modify the
manual sources, you will need the `makeinfo' program to produce
an updated manual. `makeinfo' is part of the GNU Texinfo
package; you need a suitably recent version of Texinfo.
`doc/lispref' holds the source code for the Emacs Lisp reference manual.
`doc/lispintro' holds the source code for the Introduction to Programming
in Emacs Lisp manual.
`msdos' holds configuration files for compiling Emacs under MSDOG.
`nextstep' holds instructions and some other files for compiling the
Nextstep port of Emacs, for GNUstep and Mac OS X Cocoa.
`nt' holds various command files and documentation files that pertain
to building and running Emacs on Windows 9X/ME/NT/2000/XP.
`test' holds tests for various aspects of Emacs's functionality.
Building Emacs on non-Posix platforms requires tools that aren't part
of the standard distribution of the OS. The platform-specific README
files and installation instructions should list the required tools.
NOTE ON COPYRIGHT YEARS
In copyright notices where the copyright holder is the Free Software
Foundation, then where a range of years appears, this is an inclusive
range that applies to every year in the range. For example: 2005-2008
represents the years 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* admin/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
The admin directory
This directory contains scripts and other things useful for developing
and maintaining Emacs. These files are not part of Emacs releases
because they are not deemed generally useful, and you have to know
what you do when using them.
* Instructions and scripts used to prepare an Emacs release.
** FOR-RELEASE
Living list of activities that must be completed before the next release.
** make-tarball.txt
Instructions to create pretest or release tarballs, announcements, etc.
** admin.el
Utilities for setting version numbers and alike.
** make-announcement, make-changelog-diff
Scripts used to prepare release announcements.
* Scripts that can be used to build and test Emacs.
** build-configs
Build Emacs in various configurations.
** make-emacs
Build Emacs in various ways.
** quick-install-emacs
Install emacs quickly (`incrementally').
** alloc-colors.c
A utility program that allocates a given number of colors on X. Can
be used to debug Emacs with dense colormaps (PseudoColor).
** check-doc-strings
Check doc strings against documentation.
** cus-test.el
Tests for custom types and load problems.
** diff-tar-files
Show files added/removed between two tar files.
Brief description of sub-directories:
charsets scripts for generating charset map files
in ../etc/charsets
unidata scripts for generating character property files
in ../lisp/international
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
Local variables:
mode: outline
paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$"
end:
========================================================================
* admin/charsets/mapfiles/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2009, 2010, 2011
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Registration Number H13PRO009
See the end of the file for license conditions.
The charset map files directory
This directory contains two kinds of charset map files; verbatim copies
(or their compressed versions) of files freely available in the
Internet, and newly created files based on freely available
information.
(1) Copied files (all files are copied on 2009-06-12)
* CP932.TXT.gz
The uncompressed version is available at:
* PTCP154.gz
The uncompressed version is available at:
* Uni2JIS.gz
The version compressed by Unix's "compress" command is available at:
* bulgarian-mik.txt.gz
It is available at:
.
* cns2ucsdkw.txt.gz
Uncompressed version is available at:
* stdenc.txt.gz and symbol.txt.gz
The uncompressed versions are available at:
(2) Newly created files
* CP720.map.gz and CP858.map.gz
Created manually by looking at these pages:
.
.
The text in that page is under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License.
* JISX213A.map.gz
Created manually based on the description of the section 33 in "JIS X
0213:2004 Amendment 1". It lists 10 characters that are newly added
to "JIS X 0213:2004".
* MULE-*.map.gz
Created by using ../mule-charsets.el in Emacs 22 as this:
% emacs-22 -batch -l ../mule-charsets.el
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* admin/nt/README-UNDUMP.W32
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
Emacs for Windows
This README file describes how to dump a bare precompiled version of
GNU Emacs for Windows. This barebin distribution supplements the
standard distribution of Emacs, which you can download from:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/
If you do not have the "bin" or "src" distribution, then you will need
to download one of those before you can use this barebin version.
An additional feature of the barebin version that is not present in
the bin distribution is that it contains an undumped binary of Emacs
(temacs.exe). This can be used to dump Emacs yourself. Note that you
should only need to dump Emacs yourself if you want to dump Emacs with
more elisp files than are included normally, or to rebuild Emacs after
patching one of the elisp files that is preloaded.
The dumping process consists of running a bare Emacs, loading up a
number of general elisp files, and then creating a new Emacs executable
preinitialized and ready to run. In the precompiled distributions,
Emacs has already been dumped with the standard configuration.
To dump Emacs, unpack this distribution into the directory created by
unpacking the corresponding standard src or bin distribution. To
verify that you unpacked in the proper place, check to make sure that
you now have a temacs.exe file in the bin directory.
Once you have unpacked this distribution, cd into the bin directory and
run dump.bat. This will produce a new bin\emacs.exe executable for you
to use (the original one is renamed to emacs.exe.orig; this is not
overwritten if you run dump more than once).
For more information about running Emacs, read the README.W32 file
that came with this distribution. If you need help using Emacs on
Windows, including problems with dumping, send email to
.
Enjoy!
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* admin/nt/README-ftp-server
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
Precompiled Distributions of
Emacs for Windows
Version 24.1
January 1, 2011
This directory contains precompiled distributions for GNU Emacs on
Windows (versions before Windows 95 and NT4 are not supported).
This port is a part of the standard GNU Emacs distribution from the
Free Software Foundation; the precompiled distributions are provided
here for convenience since the majority of Windows users are not
accustomed to compiling programs themselves. Corresponding source
can be found in the parent directory in emacs-24.1.tar.gz.
If you have access to the World Wide Web, I would recommend pointing
your favorite web browser to the following document (if you haven't
already):
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html
* IMPORTANT LEGAL REMINDER
If you want to redistribute any of the precompiled distributions of
Emacs, be careful to check the implications of the GPL. For instance,
if you put the emacs-24.1-bin-i386.tar.gz file from this directory on
an Internet site, you must arrange to distribute the source files of
the SAME version (i.e. ../emacs-24.1.tar.gz).
Making a link to our copy of the source is NOT sufficient, since we
might upgrade to a new version while you are still distributing the
old binaries.
* Files in this directory
+ emacs-24.1-bin-i386.zip
Windows binaries of Emacs-24.1, with all lisp code and documentation
included.
Download this file if you want a single installation package, and
are not interested in the C source code for Emacs. After
unpacking, you can optionally run the file bin/addpm.exe to have
Emacs add icons to the Start Menu.
If you need the C source code at a later date, it will be safe to
unpack the source distribution on top of this installation.
+ emacs-24.1-barebin-i386.zip
Windows binaries of Emacs-24.1, without lisp code or documentation.
Download this file if you already have the source distribution.
Unpack this over the top of the source distribution. It contains the
bin subdirectory and etc/DOC file.
+ libxpm-3.5.7-w32-src.zip
Source code required to compile libXpm-3.5.7 on Windows. Contains
a basic Makefile for compiling with mingw32 and a .def file for
generating a DLL with the appropriate exports in addition to the
source code to provide the subset of functionality Emacs uses from
libXpm. This corresponds to the libXpm.dll in emacs-24.1-bin-i386.zip
and emacs-24.1-barebin-i386.zip.
* Prerequisites for running Emacs on Windows 9X
Using Emacs in GUI mode on Windows 95/98/Me requires the UNICOWS.DLL
dynamic library, which provides MSLU, the Microsoft Unicode Layer
for Windows 9X. You can freely download it from the Microsoft site.
* Image support
Emacs 24.1 contains support for images, however for most image
formats supporting libraries are required. This distribution has
been tested with the libraries that are distributed with GTK for
Windows (http://www.gtk.org/download/win32.php), and the libraries
found at http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. The following image
formats are supported:
PBM/PGM/PPM: Supported natively by Emacs. This format is used for
the black and white versions of the toolbar icons.
XPM: a Windows port of the XPM library corresponding to the x.org
release of X11R7.3 is included with the binary distribution, but
can be replaced by other versions with the name xpm4.dll,
libxpm-nox4.dll or libxpm.dll.
PNG: requires the PNG reference library 1.4 or later, which will
be named libpng14.dll or libpng14-14.dll. LibPNG requires zlib,
which should come from the same source as you got libpng.
Starting with Emacs 23.3, the precompiled Emacs binaries are
built with libpng 1.4.x and later, and are incompatible with
earlier versions of libpng DLLs. So if you have libpng 1.2.x,
the PNG support will not work, and you will have to download
newer versions.
JPEG: requires the Independent JPEG Group's libjpeg 6b or later,
which will be called jpeg62.dll, libjpeg.dll, jpeg-62.dll or jpeg.dll.
TIFF: requires libTIFF 3.0 or later, which will be called libtiff3.dll
or libtiff.dll.
GIF: requires libungif or giflib 4.1 or later, which will be
called giflib4.dll, libungif4.dll or libungif.dll.
SVG: not compiled into the binary release, but available if you
compile Emacs yourself if you have development packages for all the
dependencies. Requires many libraries from GTK and Gnome
as well as the base librsvg library. Known to crash Emacs on many
sample images.
* Distributions in .tar.gz and .zip format
Emacs is distributed primarily as source code in a large gzipped tar
file (*.tar.gz). Because Emacs is quite large and therefore
difficult to download over unreliable connections, the Windows
binaries are provided in two combinations. The complete lisp source
plus executables (bin), and executables only (barebin) for unpacking
over the top of the source distribution. Formerly, we used the same
.tar.gz format but since there are no longer legal problems with
.zip files, and the latest versions of Windows support these
natively, the Windows binaries of Emacs are now distributed as .zip
files.
* Distributions for non-x86 platforms
Distributions for non-x86 platforms are no longer supplied. Older
platforms supported by Windows NT no longer seem to be in demand,
and Emacs is yet to be ported to 64 bit Windows platforms. If you
are willing to help port Emacs 24 to 64 bit versions of Windows,
your contribution will be welcome on the emacs-devel mailing list.
* Unpacking distributions
Ports of GNU gzip and GNU tar for handling the source distribution file
format can be found in several places that distribute ports of GNU
programs, for example:
Cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com/
GnuWin32: http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/
Many other popular file compression utilities for Windows are also
able to handle gzipped tar files. 7zip is one free Windows graphical
program that is able to handle many archive formats.
Open a command prompt (MSDOS) window. Decide on a directory in which
to place Emacs. Move the distribution to that directory, and then
unpack it as follows.
If you have the gzipped tar version, use gunzip to uncompress the tar
file on the fly, and pipe the output through tar with the "xvf" flags
to extract the files from the tar file:
% gunzip -c some.tar.gz | tar xvf -
You may see messages from tar about not being able to change the
modification time on directories, and from gunzip complaining about a
broken pipe. These messages are harmless and you can ignore them. On
Windows NT, unpacking tarballs this way leaves them in compressed
form, taking up less space on disk. Unfortunately, on Windows 95 and
98, a large temporary file is created, so it is better to use the
djtarnt.exe program, which performs the equivalent operation in one
step:
% djtarnt -x some.tar.gz
You may be prompted to rename or overwrite directories when using
djtarnt: simply type return to continue (this is harmless).
Zip files can be unpacked using unzip.exe from info-zip.org
if you do not already have other tools to do this.
% unzip some.zip
The precompiled binaries can be unpacked using unzip.exe from info-zip.org
if you do not already have other tools to do this.
% unzip some.zip
Once you have unpacked a precompiled distribution of Emacs, it should
have the following subdirectories:
bin etc info lisp site-lisp
* Unpacking with other tools
If you do use other utility programs to unpack the distribution, check
the following to be sure the distribution was not corrupted:
+ Be sure to disable the CR/LF translation or the executables will
be unusable. Older versions of WinZip would enable this
translation by default when unpacking .tar files. If you are
using WinZip, disable it. (I don't have WinZip myself, and I do
not know the specific commands necessary to disable it.)
+ Check that filenames were not truncated to 8.3. For example, there
should be a file lisp/abbrevlist.el; if this has been truncated to
abbrevli.el, your distribution has been corrupted while unpacking
and Emacs will not start.
+ Check that filenames were not changed by your web-browser. Some
proprietary web-browsers save .tar.gz files as .tar.tar. You might
like to consider switching to a Free modern browser if your browser
has this bug.
+ I've also had reports that some older "gnuwin32" port of tar
corrupts the executables. Use the latest version from the gnuwin32
site or another port of tar instead.
If you believe you have unpacked the distributions correctly and are
still encountering problems, see the section on Further Information
below.
* Compiling from source
If you would like to compile Emacs from source, download the source
distribution, unpack it in the same manner as a precompiled
distribution, and look in the file nt/INSTALL for detailed
directions. It is recommended to use GCC 2.95 or later with MinGW
support to compile the source. The port of GCC included in Cygwin
is supported, but check the nt/INSTALL file if you have trouble
since some builds of GNU make aren't supported.
* Further information
If you have access to the World Wide Web, I would recommend pointing
your favorite web browser to following the document (if you haven't
already):
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html
This document serves as an FAQ and a source for further information
about the Windows port and related software packages. Note that as
most of the information in that FAQ is for earlier versions, so some
information may not be relevant to Emacs-24.1.
In addition to the FAQ, there is a mailing list for discussing issues
related to the Windows port of Emacs. For information about the
list, see this Web page:
http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows
To ask questions on the mailing list, send email to
help-emacs-windows@gnu.org. (You don't need to subscribe for that.)
To subscribe to the list or unsubscribe from it, fill the form you
find at http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows as
explained there.
Another valuable source of information and help which should not be
overlooked is the various Usenet news groups dedicated to Emacs.
These are particularly good for help with general issues which aren't
specific to the Windows port of Emacs. The main news groups to use
for seeking help are:
gnu.emacs.help
comp.emacs
There are also fairly regular postings and announcements of new or
updated Emacs packages on this group:
gnu.emacs.sources
Enjoy!
Jason Rumney
(jasonr@gnu.org)
Most of this README was contributed by former maintainer Andrew Innes
(andrewi@gnu.org)
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* admin/unidata/README
========================================================================
The file `UnicodeData.txt' in this directory is a copy of
on 2012.04.07,
and is a part of the Unicode Character Database governed by the "UCD
Terms of Use" shown in the file `copyright.html'.
========================================================================
* doc/lispintro/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains the source of the "Introduction to Programming
in Emacs Lisp" written by Robert J. Chassell, bob@gnu.org. This
manual is an elementary introduction to programming in Emacs Lisp for
people who are not programmers, and who are not necessarily interested
in programming, but who do want to customize or extend their computing
environment.
This third edition of 2006 Oct 31 updates the previous editions to GNU
Emacs 22.
The Texinfo source file `emacs-lisp-intro.texi', formats without
reported error using `pdfeTeXk', Version 3.141592-1.21a-2.2 (Web2C
7.5.4) and texinfo.tex version 2006-08-26.17 started by `texi2dvi'
version 4.8, and with `makeinfo' version 4.8.
This directory contains the following Encapsulated PostScript figures:
cons-1.eps, cons-2.eps, cons-2a.eps, cons-3.eps, cons-4.eps, cons-5.eps
drawers.eps, lambda-1.eps, lambda-2.eps, lambda-3.eps
See the beginning of the `emacs-lisp-intro.texi' file for appropriate
settings. These figures are not necessary; they are merely nice to
look at --- without them you get the same figures printed with ASCII
characters.
Whether and how you print PostScript depends on your site. You not
only need to set 'print-postscript-figures' before creating the .dvi
file, but then must convert the .dvi file to .ps with a 'dvips' or
equivalent command.
On some systems you will see an error message when `psfig.tex' is
loaded for the last two .eps files:
! No room for a new \write .
If this happens, try `epsf.tex' instead of `psfig.tex', or try typing
RET at the error; the formatting may continue successfully.
Or else find the section that says:
@c !!! Clear print-postscript-figures if the computer formatting this
@c document is too small and cannot handle all the diagrams and figures.
@c clear print-postscript-figures
and change the file so it reads: @clear print-postscript-figures
This will prevent TeX from attempting to load the last few .eps files.
You will find additional instructions on formatting in the beginning
of the Texinfo file 'emacs-lisp-intro.texi'. Best Wishes!
2006 Oct 31
Robert J. Chassell, bob@gnu.org
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
The PostScript images (*.eps) contain copyright and license information
in their headers. The PDF versions were automatically generated using
the epstopdf utility, and are subject to the same conditions as their
EPS counterparts.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* doc/lispref/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -*- outline -*-
See the end of the file for license conditions.
README for the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
* This directory contains the texinfo source files for the Emacs Lisp
Reference Manual.
* Report bugs in the Lisp Manual (or in Emacs) using M-x report-emacs-bug.
To ask questions, use the help-gnu-emacs mailing list.
* The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is quite large. It totals around
1100 pages in smallbook format; the info files total around 3.0 megabytes.
* You can format this manual for Info, for printing hardcopy using TeX,
or for HTML.
* You can buy nicely printed copies from the Free Software Foundation.
Buying a manual from the Free Software Foundation helps support our GNU
development work. See .
(At time of writing, this manual is out of print.)
* The master file for formatting this manual for Tex is called `elisp.texi'.
It contains @include commands to include all the chapters that make up
the manual.
* This distribution contains a Makefile that you can use with GNU Make.
** To make an Info file, you need to install Texinfo, then run `make info'.
** Use `make elisp.pdf' or `make elisp.html' to create PDF or HTML versions.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* etc/AUTHORS
========================================================================
Many people have contributed code included in the Free Software
Foundation's distribution of GNU Emacs. To show our appreciation for
their public spirit, we list here in alphabetical order a condensed
list of their contributions.
Aaron Ecay: changed nsterm.m
Aaron Larson: co-wrote bibtex.el
Aaron S. Hawley: changed files.texi morse.el tar-mode.el thingatpt.el
add-log.el autoinsert.el building.texi custom.texi files.el
glossary.texi isearch.el jka-cmpr-hook.el make-mode.el misc.texi
re-builder.el sgml-mode.el simple.el texinfo.el tutorial.el vc.el
Abdó Roig-Maranges: changed org-html.el org-odt.el org.el
Abraham Nahum: changed configure.ac dgux4.h sysdep.c
Abramo Bagnara: changed term.c
Achim Gratz: changed org.el org-clock.el org.texi org-compat.el
org-agenda.el ob-R.el ob.el org-exp-blocks.el ob-C.el ob-ditaa.el
ob-exp.el ob-fortran.el ob-ref.el org-bbdb.el org-element.el
org-faces.el org-gnus.el org-install.el org-macs.el org-odt.el
org-version.el
Adam Gołębiowski: changed Makefile.in
Adam Hupp: changed emacs.py emacs2.py emacs3.py gud.el
progmodes/python.el
Adam Sjøgren: changed spam.el blink.xpm braindamaged.xpm cry.xpm dead.xpm
evil.xpm forced.xpm frown.xpm grin.xpm indifferent.xpm
reverse-smile.xpm sad.xpm smile.xpm wry.xpm xterm.c gnus-html.el
gnus-start.el gnus-sum.el gnus.el gtkutil.c shr.el xterm.h
Adam Spiers: changed org.texi calendar.el org-clock.el org-html.el
Adam W: changed mail-source.el
Aditya Siram: changed ob.el
Adrian Aichner: changed erc-log.el erc.el erc-autojoin.el erc-backend.el
erc-dcc.el erc-members.el erc-nets.el erc-sound.el etags.c
gnus-score.el gnus-sum.el gnus.texi
Adrian Colley: changed aix3-2.h
Adrian Lanz: changed mail-source.el spam.el
Adrian Robert: co-wrote ns-win.el
and changed nsterm.m nsfns.m nsfont.m nsterm.h Makefile.in nsmenu.m
configure.ac README config.in emacs.c font.c keyboard.c nsgui.h
nsimage.m xdisp.c image.c lisp.h macos.texi menu.c darwin.h faces.el
and 77 other files
Agustín Martín: changed ispell.el flyspell.el fixit.texi
Aidan Gauland: changed eshell.texi
Aidan Kehoe: changed ipa.el lread.c mm-util.el erc-log.el erc.el
gnus-sum.el gnus-util.el latin-ltx.el nnfolder.el ob-tangle.el
objects.texi
Ake Stenhoff: co-wrote imenu.el
and changed cc-mode.el perl-mode.el
Aki Vehtari: changed bibtex.el gnus-art.el gnus-score.el gnus-sum.el
nnmail.el tar-mode.el
Akinori Musha: changed Makefile.in ruby-mode.el
Alakazam Petrofsky: changed hanoi.el
Alan Mackenzie: wrote cc-awk.el
and co-wrote cc-align.el cc-cmds.el cc-defs.el cc-engine.el cc-fonts.el
cc-langs.el cc-mode.el cc-styles.el cc-vars.el
and changed cc-mode.texi lread.c programs.texi font-lock.el font-core.el
isearch.el lisp.el modes.texi cc-menus.el cc-subword.el display.texi
os.texi search.texi startup.el subr.el text.texi INSTALL.BZR add-log.el
buffers.texi bytecomp.el callint.c and 22 other files
Alan Shutko: changed diary-lib.el calendar.el bindings.el cal-hebrew.el
easy-mmode.el gnus-sum.el ibuf-ext.el ibuffer.el lunar.el macros.el
solar.el
Alastair Burt: changed gnus-art.el smiley.el
Albert L. Ting: changed gnus-group.el mail-hist.el
Aleksei Gusev: changed progmodes/compile.el
Alex Coventry: changed files.el
Alex Ott: changed TUTORIAL.ru ru-refcard.tex idle.el ispell.el
ru-refcard.ps
Alex Rezinsky: wrote which-func.el
Alex Schroeder: wrote ansi-color.el cus-theme.el erc-compat.el
erc-hecomplete.el erc-join.el erc-lang.el erc-ring.el master.el
spam-stat.el sql.el
and co-wrote longlines.el mail/rmailmm.el
and changed erc.el erc-track.el erc-button.el erc-stamp.el erc-match.el
erc-autoaway.el erc-nickserv.el rcirc.texi erc-autojoin.el erc-fill.el
erc-pcomplete.el erc-complete.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-members.el rmail.el
comint.el custom.el erc-bbdb.el erc-chess.el erc-ezbounce.el
erc-imenu.el and 32 other files
Alex Shinn: changed files.el
Alexander Becher: changed vc-annotate.el
Alexander Haeckel: changed getset.el
Alexander Klimov: changed files.el calc-graph.el files.texi man.el rx.el
sendmail.el
Alexander Kreuzer: changed nnrss.el
Alexander L. Belikoff: wrote erc.el
Alexander Pohoyda: co-wrote mail/rmailmm.el
and changed rmailsum.el man.el rmail.el sendmail.el
Alexander Shopov: changed code-pages.el
Alexander Zhuckov: changed ebrowse.c
Alexandre Julliard: wrote vc-git.el
and changed vc.el ewoc.el
Alexandre Oliva: wrote gnus-mlspl.el
and changed unexelf.c format.el iris4d.h iris5d.h regex.c unexsgi.c
Alexandre Veyrenc: changed fr-refcard.tex
Alexandru Harsanyi: wrote soap-client.el soap-inspect.el
and changed emacs3.py vc-hooks.el vc.el xml.el
Alfred Correira: changed generic-x.el
Alfred M. Szmidt: changed html2text.el openbsd.h progmodes/compile.el
rmail.el rmailsum.el
Alfredo Finelli: changed TUTORIAL.it
Ali Bahrami: changed configure configure.ac sol2-10.h
Alin C. Soare: changed lisp-mode.el hexl.el
Allen S. Rout: changed org-capture.el
Alon Albert: wrote rcompile.el
Alp Aker: changed nsfont.m nsterm.m nsfns.m nsmenu.m nsterm.h
buff-menu.el configure.ac mule-cmds.el nsselect.m window.el
Ami Fischman: changed bindings.el calendar.el diary-lib.el print.c
savehist.el vc-git.el
Anand Mitra: changed gnus-sum.el
Anders Holst: wrote hippie-exp.el
Anders Lindgren: wrote autorevert.el cwarn.el follow.el
and changed font-lock.el etags.c compile.el nsfont.m nsterm.m
Andre Spiegel: changed vc.el vc-hooks.el vc-cvs.el vc-rcs.el vc-sccs.el
files.el dired.el files.texi cperl-mode.el ediff-util.el log-view.el
parse-time.el startup.el tramp-vc.el vc-arch.el vc-mcvs.el vc-svn.el
vcdiff viper-util.el
Andre Srinivasan: changed gnus-group.el gnus-sum.el gnus.texi message.el
mm-decode.el mml.el nnmail.el
Andrea Russo: changed erc-dcc.el info-look.el
Andreas Burtzlaff: changed org.el
Andreas Büsching: changed emacsclient.c
Andreas Fuchs: wrote erc-ezbounce.el erc-match.el erc-replace.el
erc-truncate.el
and co-wrote erc-fill.el
and changed erc.el erc-bbdb.el erc-button.el erc-log.el erc-stamp.el
erc-autoaway.el erc-autojoin.el erc-dcc.el erc-imenu.el erc-list.el
erc-members.el erc-menu.el erc-netsplit.el erc-notify.el erc-ring.el
erc-speedbar.el erc-track.el erc-xdcc.el gnus-registry.el mml-sec.el
mml2015.el
Andreas Jaeger: changed gnus-msg.el gnus-start.el gnus-xmas.el
nnfolder.el nnml.el
Andreas Leha: changed ob.el
Andreas Leue: changed artist.el
Andreas Luik: changed xfns.c xterm.c
Andreas Politz: changed editfns.c elp.el ido.el outline.el subr.el
term.el
Andreas Rottmann: changed emacsclient.1 emacsclient.c misc.texi server.el
Andreas Schwab: changed Makefile.in configure.ac lisp.h xdisp.c alloc.c
coding.c process.c files.el keyboard.c emacs.c fileio.c xterm.c
editfns.c print.c fns.c eval.c lread.c xfns.c font.c buffer.c sysdep.c
and 625 other files
Andreas Seltenreich: changed nnweb.el gnus.texi message.el gnus-sum.el
gnus.el nnslashdot.el gnus-srvr.el gnus-util.el mm-url.el mm-uu.el
url-http.el xterm.c battery.el comint.el easy-mmode.el gmm-utils.el
gnus-art.el gnus-cite.el gnus-draft.el gnus-group.el gnus-ml.el
and 7 other files
Andreas Vögele: changed pgg-def.el
Andrew Beals: changed spook.lines
Andrew Choi: changed macterm.c darwin.h mac-win.el sysdep.c emacs.c mac.c
macfns.c fontset.c frame.c keyboard.c xfaces.c dispextern.h macmenu.c
unexmacosx.c Makefile.in configure.ac frame.h macterm.h titdic-cnv.el
xdisp.c alloc.c and 26 other files
Andrew Cohen: wrote spam-wash.el
and changed nnir.el gnus-sum.el nnimap.el gnus.texi gnus-group.el
gnus-int.el dns.el gnus-art.el gnus-registry.el gnus-srvr.el gnus.el
nnheader.el nnspool.el
Andrew Csillag: wrote m4-mode.el
Andrew Hall: changed paren.el
Andrew Hyatt: changed org-archive.el org.el org.texi
Andrew Innes: changed makefile.w32-in makefile.nt w32fns.c w32term.c
w32.c w32proc.c fileio.c gmake.defs w32-fns.el dos-w32.el inc/ms-w32.h
nmake.defs w32term.h makefile.def unexw32.c w32menu.c w32xfns.c addpm.c
cmdproxy.c emacs.c w32-win.el and 137 other files
Andrew Oram: changed calendar.texi (and other files in man/)
Andrew Schein: changed sql.el
Andrew W. Nosenko: changed tramp.el
Andrew Zhilin: changed emacs22.png emacs22.ico
Andrey Slusar: changed gnus-async.el gnus.el
Andrey Zhdanov: changed gud.el
Andrzej Lichnerowicz: wrote ob-io.el ob-scala.el
Andy Moreton: changed makefile.w32-in
Andy Norman: wrote ange-ftp.el
Andy Petrusenco: changed w32term.c
Andy Seaborne: changed keyboard.c
Andy Stewart: wrote org-w3m.el
and changed erc.el
Angelo Graziosi: changed sysdep.c term.c
Anmol Khirbat: changed ido.el
Anna M. Bigatti: wrote cal-html.el
Antoine Levitt: changed gnus-group.el gnus-sum.el message.texi ada-prj.el
ange-ftp.el cus-edit.el dired-x.el ebnf2ps.el emerge.el erc-button.el
erc-goodies.el erc-stamp.el erc-track.el files.el find-file.el
gnus-art.el gnus-uu.el gnus.el gnus.texi message.el mh-funcs.el
and 8 other files
Ari Roponen: changed atimer.c doc.c hash.texi mule.texi startup.el
time-date.el
Arisawa Akihiro: changed characters.el coding.c epa-file.el japan-util.el
language/tibetan.el message.el mm-decode.el mm-view.el ps-print.el
tai-viet.el term.c time.el utf-8.el
Arnaud Giersch: changed gnus-sum.el
Arne Georg Gleditsch: changed gnus-sum.el
Arne Jørgensen: wrote latexenc.el
and changed smime.el mml-smime.el smime-ldap.el flymake.el gnus-art.el
gnus-sieve.el ldap.el message.el mm-decode.el mml-sec.el mml.el
mule-conf.el nnimap.el nnrss.el wid-edit.el
Arni Magnusson: changed ada-mode.texi frames.texi texinfo.el
Artem Chuprina: changed message.el
Ashwin Ram: wrote refer.el
Atsuo Ohki: changed lread.c
Aubrey Jaffer: changed info.el unexelf.c
Aurelien Aptel: changed cus-face.el dispextern.h display.texi faces.el
nsterm.m w32term.c xfaces.c xterm.c
Aurélien Aptel: changed url.texi
Axel Boldt: changed ehelp.el electric.el
B. Anyos: changed w32term.c
Baoqiu Cui: wrote org-docbook.el
Barry A. Warsaw: wrote assoc.el elp.el man.el regi.el reporter.el
supercite.el
and co-wrote cc-align.el cc-cmds.el cc-compat.el cc-defs.el cc-engine.el
cc-guess.el cc-langs.el cc-menus.el cc-mode.el cc-styles.el cc-vars.el
and changed c++-mode.el cplus-md1.el syntax.c syntax.h
Barry Fishman: changed gnu-linux.h
Barry Oreilly: changed eval.c keyboard.c lisp.h
Bastien Guerry: wrote gnus-bookmark.el org-latex.el
and co-wrote org-bibtex.el org-list.el org-protocol.el org-src.el
and changed org.el org-agenda.el org.texi org-clock.el org-html.el
org-capture.el org-table.el org-exp.el ob.el org-publish.el
org-mobile.el org-timer.el org-colview.el org-compat.el org-id.el
org-odt.el org-archive.el org-ascii.el org-faces.el org-macs.el
org-pcomplete.el and 87 other files
Ben A. Mesander: co-wrote erc-dcc.el
Ben Harris: changed configure.ac
Ben Key: changed w32.c w32fns.c w32menu.c configure.bat makefile.w32-in
INSTALL gmake.defs nmake.defs w32.h w32term.c configure.ac emacs.c
inc/ms-w32.h keyboard.c make-docfile.c nsfont.m nsterm.m sound.c
xfaces.c
Ben Menasha: changed nnmh.el
Ben North: changed outline.el buffer.c fill.el isearch.el lisp-mode.el
paren.el w32term.c xfaces.c
Bengt Martensson: co-wrote bibtex.el
Benjamin Andresen: wrote ob-screen.el
Benjamin Drieu: wrote pong.el
and changed org-clock.el
Benjamin Riefenstahl: changed w32select.c emacs.c inc/ms-w32.h lisp.h
mac-win.el macterm.c mule-cmds.el runemacs.c tcl.el w32.c w32.h
Benjamin Rutt: co-wrote gnus-dired.el
and changed vc.el gnus-msg.el message.el diff-mode.el ffap.el nnimap.el
nnmbox.el simple.el vc-cvs.el
Bernhard Herzog: changed vc-hg.el menu.c xsmfns.c
Bernt Hansen: changed org-agenda.el org-clock.el org.el org-capture.el
org-html.el org-indent.el org.texi
Bill Atkins: changed wdired.el
Bill Burton: changed ptx.h sequent-ptx.h
Bill Carpenter: wrote feedmail.el (public domain)
Bill Mann: wrote perl-mode.el
and changed configure.ac unexaix.c ibmrs6000.h usg5-4-3.h
Bill Pringlemeir: changed messcompat.el
Bill Richter: changed fill.el quail.el ccl.el encoded-kb.el fontset.el
kinsoku.el kkc.el mule-cmds.el mule-conf.el mule-util.el mule.el
Bill Rozas: wrote scheme.el
and changed xscheme.el
Bill White: changed gnus-start.el
Bill Wohler: wrote mh-buffers.el mh-comp.el mh-compat.el mh-e.el
mh-folder.el mh-funcs.el mh-letter.el mh-mime.el mh-scan.el mh-seq.el
mh-show.el mh-utils.el mh-xface.el
and co-wrote mh-junk.el
and changed mh-customize.el mh-search.el mh-alias.el mh-identity.el
mh-e.texi mh-speed.el mh-init.el mh-acros.el mh-gnus.el mh-unit.el
mh-inc.el mh-xemacs-compat.el mh-print.el Makefile.in image.el
mh-tool-bar.el mh-xemacs.el README display.texi makefile.w32-in
mh-pick.el and 86 other files
Bjorn Solberg: changed nnimap.el
Björn Lindström: changed rcirc.texi
Björn Torkelsson: changed gnus-art.el gnus-group.el gnus-srvr.el
gnus-sum.el gnus-mlspl.el gnus-msg.el message.el gnus-agent.el
gnus-cus.el gnus-gl.el gnus-nocem.el gnus-score.el gnus-topic.el
gnus.el mail-source.el nnmail.el
Bjørn Mork: changed nnimap.el gnus-agent.el message.el mml2015.el
Bob Glickstein: wrote sregex.el
and changed isearch.el sendmail.el
Bob Halley: changed ccl.c esh-io.el
Bob Nnamtrop: changed viper-cmd.el
Bob Olson: co-wrote cperl-mode.el
Bob Rogers: changed vc-dir.el vc-svn.el cperl-mode.el diff.el ewoc.el
ffap.el files.el maintaining.texi sql.el thingatpt.el vc.el
vc1-xtra.texi
Bob Weiner: changed info.el quail.el
Bojan Petrovic: changed pop3.el
Boris Goldowsky: wrote avoid.el descr-text.el enriched.el facemenu.el
format.el shadowfile.el
and changed fill.el simple.el indent.el paragraphs.el cmds.c intervals.c
intervals.h add-log.el cc-mode.el enriched.doc fileio.c make-mode.el
text-mode.el textprop.c ada.el allout.el awk-mode.el bibtex.el buffer.c
buffer.h c-mode.el and 38 other files
Boris Samorodov: changed imap.el
Boyd Lynn Gerber: changed configure.ac
Brad Howes: changed gnus-demon.el
Brandon Craig Rhodes: changed flyspell.el
Brendan Kehoe: changed hpux9.h
Brent Goodrick: changed abbrev.el
Brian Cully: changed ns-emacs.texi
Brian D. Carlstrom: changed gud.el smtpmail.el
Brian Fox: changed Makefile.in Makefile configure.ac minibuf.c dired.el
files.el rmail.el search.c simple.el sysdep.c compile.el forms.texi
frame.c info.texi keyboard.c make-dist subr.el systty.h texindex.c
xterm.c ymakefile and 46 other files
Brian Marick: co-wrote hideif.el
Brian P Templeton: changed erc.el erc-compat.el erc-fill.el
erc-nickserv.el erc-pcomplete.el erc-stamp.el erc-track.el
Brian Palmer: changed erc.el erc-list.el
Brian Preble: changed abbrev.el apropos.el asm-mode.el awk-mode.el
bytecomp.el c++-mode.el cal.el calc.el chistory.el cl-indent.el
compare-w.el compile.el dabbrev.el debug.el diary.el diff.el dired.el
doctex.el doctor.el ebuff-menu.el echistory.el and 129 other files
Brian Sniffen: changed gnus-draft.el imap.el mm-decode.el
Brian Van Den Broek: changed org.texi
Bruno Félix Rezende Ribeiro: changed functions.texi
Bruno Haible: co-wrote po.el
and changed INSTALL emacs.1 epaths.in info.el paths.el
Bryan Henderson: changed term.el
Bryan O'Sullivan: changed ange-ftp.el
Bt Templeton: changed lread.c nsfont.m
Caio Tiago Oliveira: changed ob-scala.el
Caleb Deupree: changed w32-fns.el
Carl D. Roth: changed gnus-nocem.el
Carl Edman: co-wrote ns-win.el
Carl Henrik Lunde: changed format-spec.el
Carsten Bormann: changed ibmrs6000.h latin-post.el
Carsten Dominik: wrote idlw-complete-structtag.el idlw-toolbar.el
org-agenda.el org-archive.el org-ascii.el org-beamer.el org-capture.el
org-clock.el org-colview.el org-compat.el org-datetree.el org-exp.el
org-faces.el org-feed.el org-footnote.el org-html.el org-icalendar.el
org-id.el org-indent.el org-info.el org-inlinetask.el org-jsinfo.el
org-macs.el org-mks.el org-mobile.el org-remember.el org-rmail.el
org-table.el org-timer.el org-vm.el org-xoxo.el org.el reftex-auc.el
reftex-cite.el reftex-dcr.el reftex-global.el reftex-index.el
reftex-parse.el reftex-ref.el reftex-sel.el reftex-toc.el
reftex-vars.el reftex.el
and co-wrote idlw-help.el idlw-shell.el idlwave.el org-bbdb.el
org-bibtex.el org-entities.el org-gnus.el org-list.el org-pcomplete.el
org-src.el
and changed org-latex.el org.texi org-publish.el orgcard.tex
org-export-latex.el org-docbook.el org-attach.el org-mouse.el
org-protocol.el org-mac-message.el org-wl.el org-crypt.el
org-freemind.el idlw-rinfo.el org-exp-blocks.el org-habit.el org-mhe.el
org-plot.el org-special-blocks.el reftex.texi ob.el and 24 other files
Caveh Jalali: changed configure.ac intel386.h sol2-4.h
Chad Brown: changed aix4-2.h bsd-common.h config.in configure.ac cygwin.h
dired.c gnu-linux.h mh-comp.el msdos.h sed2v2.inp sysdep.c usg5-4.h
Changwoo Ryu: changed files.el
Chao-Hong Liu: changed TUTORIAL.cn TUTORIAL.zh
Charles Hannum: changed aix3-1.h aix3-2.h configure ibmrs6000.h
keyboard.c netbsd.h pop.c sysdep.c systime.h systty.h xrdb.c
Charles Sebold: changed org-plot.el
Charlie Martin: wrote autoinsert.el
Cheng Gao: changed MORE.STUFF Makefile.in flymake.el frame.c tips.texi
url-dired.el url-file.el url-handlers.el url-http.el url-nfs.el
Chetan Pandya: changed font.c
Chip Coldwell: changed font.c
Chong Yidong: wrote compile-tests.el dichromacy-theme.el
font-parse-tests.el redisplay-testsuite.el tabulated-list.el
xml-parse-tests.el
and co-wrote longlines.el tango-dark-theme.el tango-theme.el
and changed simple.el xdisp.c display.texi files.el frames.texi
cus-edit.el files.texi subr.el custom.el keyboard.c text.texi
startup.el faces.el package.el misc.texi emacs.texi mouse.el
custom.texi image.c window.el windows.texi and 939 other files
Chris Chase: co-wrote idlw-shell.el idlwave.el
Chris Foote: changed progmodes/python.el
Chris Gray: wrote org-special-blocks.el
and changed mm-decode.el org-html.el
Chris Hall: changed callproc.c frame.c
Chris Hanson: changed xscheme.el scheme.el xterm.c hpux.h x11term.c
hp9000s300.h keyboard.c process.c texinfmt.el emacsclient.c sort.el
syntax.c texnfo-upd.el x11fns.c xfns.c dired.el fileio.c hp9000s800.h
indent.c info.el man.el and 17 other files
Chris Hecker: changed calc-aent.el
Chris Lindblad: co-wrote tcl.el
Chris Moore: changed dired.el hexl.el jka-cmpr-hook.el replace.el
wdired.el Makefile.in comint.el diff-mode.el gnus-sum.el isearch.el
mouse.el pgg-gpg.el pgg-pgp.el pgg-pgp5.el server.el shell.el
tutorial.el
Chris Newton: changed url-http.el
Chris Prince: changed w32term.c
Chris Smith: wrote icon.el
and changed icon-mode.el
Christian Egli: wrote org-taskjuggler.el
and changed org.texi
Christian Faulhammer: changed Makefile.in configure configure.ac
vc-bzr.el
Christian Limpach: co-wrote ns-win.el
and changed configure.ac
Christian Lynbech: changed appt.el emacsserver.c tramp.el
Christian Millour: changed shell.el
Christian Moe: changed org-bbdb.el org-html.el org-special-blocks.el
Christian Neukirchen: changed mm-util.el
Christian Ohler: wrote ert-tests.el ert.el
and co-wrote ert-x.el
and changed Makefile.in automated configure.ac ert-x-tests.el ert.texi
makefile.w32-in
Christian Plate: changed nnmaildir.el sgml-mode.el
Christian Plaunt: wrote soundex.el
Christian von Roques: changed mml2015.el epg.el gnus-start.el
Christoph Bauer: changed configure.ac
Christoph Conrad: changed gnus-agent.el gnus-score.el makefile.w32-in
qp.el
Christoph Dittmann: changed org-beamer.el
Christoph Scholtes: changed makefile.w32-in README.W32
progmodes/python.el stdint.h INSTALL maintaining.texi zipdist.bat
admin.el bookmark.el config.nt configure.bat control.texi cua-base.el
gmake.defs help-mode.el help.el ido.el make-dist makedist.bat menu.c
minibuf.c and 6 other files
Christoph Wedler: wrote antlr-mode.el
and changed format.el gnus-art.el gnus-picon.el message.el register.el
smiley.el texinfmt.el
Christophe Junke: changed org-agenda.el
Christophe Rhodes: changed org-exp.el org-latex.el
Christophe de Dinechin: co-wrote ns-win.el
Christopher Allan Webber: changed gamegrid.el org-agenda.el tetris.el
Christopher Genovese: changed assoc.el
Christopher J. Madsen: wrote decipher.el
and changed replace.el files.el ispell.el time.el
Christopher J. White: changed url-http.el
Christopher Oliver: changed mouse.el
Christopher Schmidt: changed ibuffer.el cl-macs.el files.el files.texi
gnus-msg.el gnus.texi help-fns.el lread.c pp.el
Christopher Suckling: co-wrote org-mac-message.el
Chuck Blake: changed term.c
Chunyu Wang: changed gnus-art.el pcl-cvs.texi
Claudio Bley: changed makefile.w32-in process.c
Claudio Fontana: changed Makefile.in
Colin Marquardt: changed gnus.el message.el
Colin Rafferty: changed message.el
Colin Walters: wrote ibuf-ext.el ibuf-macs.el ibuffer.el
and changed calc.el replace.el update-game-score.c calc-ext.el
calc-misc.el Makefile.in calc-macs.el calc-mode.el calc-graph.el
gamegrid.el calc-aent.el calc-bin.el calc-embed.el calc-keypd.el
calc-math.el calc-prog.el calc-units.el calcalg2.el font-core.el
info.el calc-alg.el and 78 other files
Colin Williams: changed calc.texi
Courtney Bane: changed term.c
Craig Markwardt: changed icalendar.el
Craig McDaniel: changed sheap.c
D. E. Evans: changed basic.texi
Daiki Ueno: wrote epa-dired.el epa-file.el epa-hook.el epa-mail.el epa.el
epg-config.el epg.el pgg-def.el pgg-gpg.el pgg-parse.el pgg-pgp.el
pgg-pgp5.el pgg.el plstore.el sasl.el starttls.el
and co-wrote sasl-cram.el sasl-digest.el
and changed mml2015.el mml1991.el epa.texi auth-source.el gnus.texi
mm-decode.el mm-uu.el mml-smime.el Makefile.in auth.texi gnus-sum.el
mm-view.el mml-sec.el mml.el dired.el dired.texi epa-file-hook.el
epa-setup.el epg-package-info.el faces.el files.el and 19 other files
Dale Gulledge: changed TUTORIAL.eo
Dale Hagglund: changed unexelf.c
Dale R. Worley: wrote emerge.el (public domain)
and changed mail-extr.el
Dale Sedivec: changed wisent/python.el
Damien Elmes: changed erc.el erc-dcc.el erc-track.el erc-log.el
erc-pcomplete.el erc-button.el erc-nets.el erc-ring.el erc-fill.el
erc-match.el erc-members.el erc-nickserv.el
Damon Anton Permezel: wrote hanoi.el (public domain)
Damyan Pepper: changed font.c font.h ftfont.c w32font.c
Dan Christensen: changed gnus-sum.el nndoc.el nnfolder.el gnus-art.el
gnus-group.el gnus-registry.el gnus-score.el gnus-util.el nnmail.el
spam.el time-date.el
Dan Davison: wrote ob-matlab.el ob-octave.el
and co-wrote ob-R.el ob-exp.el ob-lob.el ob-perl.el ob-python.el
ob-ref.el ob.el org-src.el
and changed ob-sh.el org-exp.el org.el org-latex.el ob-tangle.el ob-C.el
ob-asymptote.el ob-clojure.el ob-haskell.el ob-ruby.el ob-scheme.el
ob-table.el ob-ditaa.el ob-dot.el ob-gnuplot.el ob-js.el ob-mscgen.el
ob-ocaml.el ob-org.el ob-plantuml.el ob-sass.el and 13 other files
Dan Nicolaescu: wrote iris-ansi.el romanian.el vc-dir.el
and co-wrote hideshow.el
and changed vc.el Makefile.in configure.ac vc-hg.el vc-git.el vc-bzr.el
sysdep.c emacs.c process.c vc-cvs.el lisp.h term.c vc-hooks.el xterm.c
keyboard.c vc-svn.el xterm.el callproc.c darwin.h term.el gnu-linux.h
and 919 other files
Dan Rosenberg: changed movemail.c
Dani Moncayo: changed buffers.texi lists.texi makefile.w32-in mini.texi
basic.texi custom.texi dired.texi display.texi killing.texi mark.texi
simple.el text.texi
Daniel Bergey: changed quail/indian.el
Daniel Brockman: changed cus-start.el format-spec.el ibuffer.el rcirc.el
Daniel Clemente: changed generic-x.el org-html.el
Daniel Colascione: co-wrote js.el
and changed w32fns.c cygw32.c emacs.c image.c Makefile.in cygw32.h
keyboard.c w32term.h menu.c unexw32.c w32.c w32console.c w32font.c
w32menu.c w32proc.c w32select.c w32select.h w32xfns.c cmdproxy.c
conf_post.h configure.ac and 63 other files
Daniel Dehennin: changed mml2015.el gnus-msg.el mm-decode.el org-exp.el
Daniel E. Doherty: changed calc.texi
Daniel Elliott: changed octave-mod.el
Daniel Engeler: changed sysdep.c elisp.texi emacs.texi internals.texi
misc.texi process.c process.h processes.texi term.el w32.c w32.h
Daniel Hackney: changed package.el emacsclient.c process.c
Daniel Jensen: changed apropos.el
Daniel Laliberte: wrote cust-print.el edebug.el isearch.el
and co-wrote hideif.el
and changed mlconvert.el eval-region.el
Daniel M Coffman: changed arc-mode.el
Daniel M German: co-wrote org-protocol.el
Daniel Néri: changed message.el
Daniel Ortmann: changed paragraphs.el
Daniel Pfeiffer: wrote conf-mode.el copyright.el executable.el
sh-script.el skeleton.el two-column.el
and co-wrote ada-stmt.el apropos.el progmodes/compile.el wyse50.el
and changed make-mode.el files.el buff-menu.el font-lock.el mpuz.el
progmodes/grep.el sgml-mode.el autoinsert.el cperl-mode.el facemenu.el
gomoku.el help.el imenu.el autoload.el autorevert.el bindings.el
button.el cc-fonts.el cc-mode.el compilation.txt compile.el
and 12 other files
Daniel Pittman: co-wrote tramp-cache.el
and changed gnus-spec.el gnus-sum.el nnimap.el spam-report.el spam.el
Daniel Quinlan: changed dired.el info.el
Daniel Schoepe: changed gnus-sum.el
Danny Roozendaal: wrote handwrite.el
Danny Siu: changed gnus-sum.el gnus-picon.el nndoc.el nnimap.el smiley.el
Darren Hoo: changed db-find.el db.el gnus-art.el
Darren Stalder: changed gnus-util.el
Darrin B. Jewell: changed etags.c lisp.h
Dave Detlefs: co-wrote cc-align.el cc-cmds.el cc-defs.el cc-engine.el
cc-langs.el cc-menus.el cc-mode.el cc-styles.el cc-vars.el
Dave Lambert: changed sol2-5.h xfns.c xterm.c xterm.h
Dave Love: wrote autoarg.el autoconf.el benchmark.el cap-words.el
cfengine.el elide-head.el hl-line.el language/georgian.el
latin1-disp.el quail/georgian.el refill.el rfc1345.el sgml-input.el
smiley.el sym-comp.el tool-bar.el uni-input.el utf-7.el utf-8-lang.el
vc/vc-bzr.el welsh.el
and co-wrote latin-ltx.el socks.el
and changed Makefile.in configure.ac help.el mule-cmds.el fortran.el
mule-conf.el xterm.c browse-url.el mule.el coding.c european.el fns.c
mule-diag.el simple.el wid-edit.el cus-edit.el cus-start.el files.el
keyboard.c byte-opt.el info.el and 771 other files
Dave Pearson: wrote 5x5.el quickurl.el
David A. Capello: changed etags.c
David Abrahams: changed gnus-int.el gnus-sum.el gnus-registry.el
org-agenda.el auth-source.el coding.c cus-start.el ediff-init.el
filelock.c gnus-range.el gnus.texi mairix.el nnimap.el nnir.el
nnmairix.el nnregistry.el org-clock.el org.el
David Bakhash: wrote strokes.el
David Benjamin: changed xfns.c xterm.c xterm.h
David Burger: changed macros.el
David Byers: changed minibuf.c
David Casperson: changed font-core.el menu-bar.el tex-mode.el
David De La Harpe Golden: changed files.el mouse.el simple.el fileio.c
cus-start.el nsselect.m select.el w32-fns.el x-win.el xterm.c
David Edmondson: changed message.el gnus-cite.el imap.el mm-uu.el
mm-view.el mml2015.el nnfolder.el nnimap.el nnml.el
David Engster: wrote mairix.el nnmairix.el
and changed cedet/semantic.el gnus.texi insert.el bovine-grammar.el
db-find.el ede-grammar.el grammar.el registry.el wisent/python.el
analyze/complete.el bovine/el.el cpp-root.el db-el.el db-file.el db.el
dictionary.el eieio-opt.el eieio.el fw.el gnus-msg.el javascript.el
and 64 other files
David Gillespie: wrote calc-aent.el calc-alg.el calc-arith.el calc-bin.el
calc-comb.el calc-cplx.el calc-embed.el calc-ext.el calc-fin.el
calc-forms.el calc-frac.el calc-funcs.el calc-graph.el calc-help.el
calc-incom.el calc-keypd.el calc-lang.el calc-macs.el calc-map.el
calc-math.el calc-misc.el calc-mode.el calc-mtx.el calc-poly.el
calc-prog.el calc-rewr.el calc-rules.el calc-sel.el calc-stat.el
calc-store.el calc-stuff.el calc-trail.el calc-undo.el calc-units.el
calc-vec.el calc-yank.el calc.el calcalg2.el calcalg3.el calccomp.el
calcsel2.el cl-compat.el cl-extra.el cl-lib.el cl-macs.el cl-seq.el
cl.texi edmacro.el obsolete/complete.el
and changed info.el bytecomp.el cl.el complete.el
David Glasser: changed tar-mode.el
David Goodger: co-wrote rst.el
David Hansen: changed dbusbind.c nnrss.el cc-cmds.el dired.el em-dirs.el
em-glob.el lisp.el pcomplete.el tempo.el
David Hedbor: changed nnmail.el
David Hull: changed vc-hg.el
David Hunter: changed config.nt flymake.el inc/ms-w32.h process.c
David J. Biesack: changed antlr-mode.el
David J. MacKenzie: changed configure.ac etags.c Makefile.in fakemail.c
movemail.c wakeup.c cvtmail.c qsort.c termcap.c yow.c Makefile avoid.el
b2m.c config.in digest-doc.c emacsclient.c emacsserver.c emacstool.c
etags-vmslib.c fortran.el hexl.c and 14 other files
David Kastrup: changed quail/greek.el replace.el faq.texi search.c
ange-ftp.el calc.el help.el keymaps.texi mouse.el subr.el woman.el
Makefile.in desktop.el gnus-art.el keymap.c keymap.h lisp-mnt.el
meta-mode.el mpuz.el process.c search.texi and 79 other files
David Kågedal: wrote tempo.el
and changed sendmail.el xmenu.c
David Lawrence: changed comint.el simple.el files.el c++-mode.el
compile.el getdate.y inf-lisp.el shell.el emerge.el tex-mode.el
c-mode.el cl.el dired.el emacs.1 emacsserver.c gnus.el history.el
lisp-mode.el lisp.el mh-e.el rnews.el and 79 other files
David Lord: changed timeclock.el
David M. Brown: wrote array.el
David M. Koppelman: wrote hi-lock.el
and changed display.texi
David M. Smith: wrote ielm.el
and changed imenu.el pgg-def.el xterm.c
David Maus: co-wrote org-wl.el
and changed org.el org-agenda.el org-exp.el org-feed.el org-html.el
org-macs.el org-capture.el org.texi org-gnus.el org-bbdb.el
org-clock.el org-protocol.el org-publish.el ob-haskell.el ob.el
org-bibtex.el org-compat.el org-footnote.el org-id.el org-latex.el
org-list.el and 20 other files
David McCabe: changed lisp-mode.el
David Megginson: wrote derived.el
and changed mode-clone.el
David Michael: changed files.el
David Moore: co-wrote nnvirtual.el
and changed gnus-xmas.el
David Mosberger-Tang: changed alpha.h unexelf.c cm.h config.in
configure.ac cvtmail.c data.c dispnew.c emacsserver.c etags.c
fakemail.c keyboard.c mem-limits.h process.c profile.c sorted-doc.c
sysdep.c terminfo.c unexelf1.c yow.c
David O'Toole: wrote org-publish.el
and co-wrote ob-lisp.el
David Ponce: wrote cedet.el comp.el grammar.el java-tags.el mode-local.el
recentf.el ruler-mode.el semantic/java.el semantic/wisent.el senator.el
tree-widget.el wisent/wisent.el
and co-wrote util-modes.el
and changed w32menu.c w32term.c close.png close.xpm empty.png empty.xpm
end-guide.png end-guide.xpm files.el guide.png guide.xpm handle.png
handle.xpm keyboard.c leaf.png leaf.xpm no-guide.png no-guide.xpm
no-handle.png no-handle.xpm open.png and 22 other files
David Reitter: wrote mailclient.el
and changed nsterm.m nsfns.m ns-win.el nsfont.m Makefile.in cus-start.el
macos.texi menu-bar.el nsmenu.m simple.el commands.h cus-edit.el
easy-mmode.el emacsbug.el emacsclient.c faces.el flyspell.el info.el
keyboard.c keymap.c macterm.c and 12 other files
David Robinow: changed makefile.w32-in w32inevt.c
David Robinson: changed menu-bar.el x-win.el
David Röthlisberger: changed ido.el
David S. Goldberg: changed gnus-art.el message.el
David Vazquez: changed m4-mode.el
David Z. Maze: changed nnml.el nnrss.el
Deanna Phillips: changed configure.ac
Debarshi Ray: changed erc-backend.el erc.el
Decklin Foster: changed nngateway.el
Deepak Goel: changed idlw-shell.el ada-xref.el feedmail.el files.el
find-func.el flymake.el mh-search.el mh-seq.el mh-thread.el mh-xface.el
org.el simple.el vc.el vhdl-mode.el wdired.el README ada-mode.el
allout.el appt.el apropos.el artist.el and 85 other files
Denis B. Roegel: co-wrote solar.el
Denis Bueno: changed autorevert.el
Denis Howe: wrote browse-url.el
and changed complete.el
Denis Stünkel: changed ibuf-ext.el
Deniz Dogan: changed rcirc.el simple.el css-mode.el TUTORIAL.sv
commands.texi erc-log.el erc.el image.el iswitchb.el lisp-mode.el
process.c progmodes/python.el quickurl.el rcirc.texi vc/vc-bzr.el
wdired.el window.el
Dennis Gilmore: changed sparc.h
Denys Duchier: changed pop3.el
Derek Atkins: changed imap.el pgg-pgp.el
Derek L. Davies: changed gud.el
Derek Peschel: changed etags.c
Derek Upham: changed nxml-mode.el
Detlev Zundel: wrote re-builder.el
Devon Sean McCullough: changed comint.el url-http.el
Dhruva Krishnamurthy: changed makefile.w32-in emacsclient.c fontset.c
sound.c w32proc.c
Diane Murray: changed erc.el erc-backend.el erc-menu.el erc-button.el
erc-track.el erc-match.el erc-nets.el erc-list.el erc-autoaway.el
erc-capab.el erc-nickserv.el erc-stamp.el erc-compat.el erc-fill.el
erc-goodies.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-log.el erc-nicklist.el url-http.el
erc-dcc.el erc-networks.el and 35 other files
Didier Verna: wrote gnus-diary.el nndiary.el
and co-wrote nnml.el
and changed nntp.el message.el gnus-group.el gnus-sum.el gnus-msg.el
gnus.texi gnus-art.el gnus-srvr.el gnus-start.el gnus-topic.el
gnus-xmas.el gnus-picon.el gnus-salt.el cus-edit.el gnus-int.el
gnus-util.el message.texi nnmail.el rect.el cl-indent.el gmm-utils.el
and 9 other files
Dieter Schuster: changed etags.c
Dima Kogan: changed hideshow.el
Dirk Herrmann: co-wrote bibtex.el
Dirk Ullrich: changed ispell.el
Dirk-Jan C. Binnema: changed org-agenda.el
Dmitri Paduchikh: changed advice.el
Dmitry Antipov: changed alloc.c buffer.c lisp.h xdisp.c editfns.c print.c
window.c buffer.h keyboard.c xfns.c w32fns.c fns.c frame.c xterm.c
minibuf.c data.c fontset.c insdel.c intervals.c lread.c window.h
and 118 other files
Dmitry Bolshakov: changed hideshow.el
Dmitry Dzhus: changed gdb-mi.el gud.el fadr.el all.xpm building.texi
emacs.texi process.c thread.xpm
Dmitry Gutov: changed ruby-mode.el ruby-mode-tests.el vc-git.el lisp.el
log-edit.el ruby.rb vc-hooks.el window.el
Dmitry Kurochkin: changed isearch.el
Dominique de Waleffe: changed pcvs-info.el
Don March: changed keymap.c
Don Morrison: co-wrote dabbrev.el
Don Woods: changed replace.el
Doug Cutting: co-wrote disass.el
Doug Maxey: changed mouse.el
Douglas Lewan: changed TUTORIAL.pt_BR
Drake Wilson: changed emacsclient.c files.el misc.texi
Drew Adams: wrote light-blue-theme.el
and co-wrote color.el
and changed cus-edit.el dired.el faces.el files.el help-mode.el info.el
isearch.el menu-bar.el mouse.el ange-ftp.el bindings.el bookmark.el
custom.el descr-text.el dired.texi etags.el finder.el frame.el
help-fns.el help.el image-dired.el and 10 other files
E. Jay Berkenbilt: changed b2m.c flyspell.el ispell.el unrmail.el
whitespace.el window.h
Ed L. Cashin: changed gnus-sum.el imap.el
Ed Swarthout: changed hexl.el textmodes/table.el
Eduard Wiebe: changed dired.el browse-url.el flymake.texi footnote.el
javascript.el jit-lock.el korean.el locate.el mule-conf.el
nxml-mode.texi objects.texi ps-print.el sysdep.c vc-rcs.el
Eduardo Muñoz: changed dired.el ls-lisp.el
Edward M. Reingold: wrote cal-china.el cal-coptic.el cal-french.el
cal-islam.el cal-iso.el cal-julian.el cal-move.el cal-persia.el
calendar.el diary-lib.el holidays.el lunar.el
and co-wrote cal-dst.el cal-hebrew.el cal-mayan.el cal-menu.el cal-tex.el
cal-x.el solar.el
and changed diary.el tex-mode.el holiday.el cal-chinese.el diary-ins.el
diary-insert.el cal-persian.el cal-islamic.el calendar.texi
list-holidays.el
Edward O'Connor: wrote json.el
and changed erc.el erc-viper.el erc-log.el erc-track.el viper.el
erc-backend.el erc-chess.el erc-dcc.el erc-ezbounce.el erc-goodies.el
erc-list.el erc-macs.el erc-match.el erc-ring.el erc-services.el
erc-stamp.el goto-addr.el latin-ltx.el progmodes/python.el url-auth.el
Edward Reingold: changed cal-tex.el
Edward Trumbo: changed Makefile.in
Edwin Steiner: changed gnus-nocem.el
Ehud Karni: changed rmail.el aviion-intel.h complete.el configure.ac
frame.el progmodes/compile.el rmailsum.el sort.el xdisp.c
Eirik Fuller: changed ralloc.c xterm.c
Eli Barzilay: wrote calculator.el
Eli Tziperman: wrote rmail-spam-filter.el
Eli Zaretskii: wrote [bidirectional display in xdisp.c] bidi.c rxvt.el
tty-colors.el
and changed makefile.w32-in xdisp.c msdos.c Makefile.in files.el w32.c
fileio.c sed1v2.inp config.bat simple.el msdos.h w32fns.c mainmake.v2
rmail.el display.texi info.el process.c dispnew.c w32proc.c pc-win.el
emacs.c and 738 other files
Elias Oltmanns: changed tls.el gnus-agent.el gnus-cite.el gnus-int.el
gnus-srvr.el gnus.el
Elias Pipping: changed XDelAssoc.c XMakeAssoc.c shr.el
Emanuele Giaquinta: changed configure.ac rxvt.el charset.c etags.c
fontset.c frame.el gnus-faq.texi loadup.el lread.c sh-script.el
text.texi
Emil Åström: co-wrote prolog.el
Emilio C. Lopes: changed woman.el cmuscheme.el help.el vc.el advice.el
animate.el apropos.el artist.el bookmark.el cal-menu.el calc-prog.el
calc-store.el calcalg3.el calendar.el calendar.texi checkdoc.el
code-pages.el codepage.el completion.el cus-edit.el diff.el
and 53 other files
Emmanuel Briot: wrote ada-prj.el xml.el
and co-wrote ada-mode.el ada-xref.el
and changed ada-stmt.el
Era Eriksson: changed bibtex.el dired.el shell.el tramp.el tramp.texi
Eric Bélanger: changed image.c
Eric Decker: changed hp800.h hpux10-20.h sysdep.c
Eric Ding: wrote goto-addr.el
and changed mh-utils.el mh-e.el mh-comp.el mh-mime.el
Eric Eide: changed gnus-xmas.el
Eric Hanchrow: changed vc-git.el TUTORIAL.es abbrev.el autorevert.el
cperl-mode.el delphi.el dired.el emacsclient.c env.el erc.el
frames.texi ibuf-ext.el ispell.el ldap.el make-dist tramp.texi
window.el
Eric Knauel: changed gnus.el spam-report.el spam.el
Eric M. Ludlam: wrote analyze.el analyze/complete.el analyze/debug.el
args.el auto.el autoconf-edit.el base.el bovine.el bovine/debug.el
bovine/el.el bovine/make.el c.el cedet-cscope.el cedet-files.el
cedet-global.el cedet-idutils.el cedet-utests.el cedet/semantic.el
cedet/srecode.el checkdoc.el cpp-root.el cscope.el data-debug.el
db-debug.el db-el.el db-file.el db-find.el db-global.el db-mode.el
db-ref.el db-typecache.el db.el decorate.el decorate/mode.el dep.el
dframe.el dictionary.el doc.el document.el ede-grammar.el ede-tests.el
ede.el ede/custom.el ede/dired.el ede/files.el ede/generic.el
ede/linux.el ede/locate.el ede/make.el ede/shell.el ede/simple.el
ede/speedbar.el ede/srecode.el ede/util.el edit.el eieio-base.el
eieio-custom.el eieio-datadebug.el eieio-opt.el eieio-speedbar.el
eieio.el emacs-lisp/chart.el emacs.el expandproto.el extract.el
ezimage.el fcn.el fields.el filter.el filters.el fw.el gcc.el getset.el
global.el html.el ia-sb.el ia.el idle.el idutils.el include.el
insert.el inversion.el javascript.el lex-spp.el lex.el list.el
makefile-edit.el map.el mru-bookmark.el pconf.el pmake.el
proj-archive.el proj-aux.el proj-comp.el proj-elisp.el proj-info.el
proj-misc.el proj-obj.el proj-prog.el proj-scheme.el proj-shared.el
proj.el project-am.el pulse.el refs.el sb-image.el sb.el scm.el
scope.el semantic-ia-utest.el semantic-tests.el semantic-utest-c.el
semantic-utest.el semantic/chart.el semantic/complete.el
semantic/ctxt.el semantic/debug.el semantic/find.el semantic/format.el
semantic/imenu.el semantic/sort.el semantic/texi.el semantic/util.el
source.el speedbar.el srecode-tests.el srecode/compile.el
srecode/ctxt.el srecode/el.el srecode/find.el srecode/java.el
srecode/mode.el srecode/semantic.el srecode/table.el srecode/texi.el
srt.el symref.el symref/grep.el system.el tag-file.el tag-ls.el
tag-write.el tag.el test.el
and co-wrote db-ebrowse.el srecode/cpp.el util-modes.el
and changed ede.texi info.el rmail.el speedbspec.el cedet.el eieio.texi
gud.el sb-dir-minus.xpm sb-dir-plus.xpm sb-dir.xpm sb-mail.xpm
sb-pg-minus.xpm sb-pg-plus.xpm sb-pg.xpm sb-tag-gt.xpm sb-tag-minus.xpm
sb-tag-plus.xpm sb-tag-type.xpm sb-tag-v.xpm sb-tag.xpm Makefile.in
and 29 other files
Eric Marsden: changed gnus-cache.el url-util.el
Eric S Fraga: wrote ob-ledger.el
and co-wrote ob-maxima.el
and changed org-icalendar.el org-latex.el org.texi
Eric S. Raymond: wrote AT386.el asm-mode.el cookie1.el finder.el gud.el
keyswap.el lisp-mnt.el loadhist.el
and co-wrote make-mode.el
and changed vc.el vc-hooks.el vc-svn.el vc-cvs.el files.texi vc-bzr.el
vc-dispatcher.el vc-git.el vc-hg.el vc-sccs.el vc-rcs.el vc-mcvs.el
Makefile.in files.el comint.el simple.el vc-arch.el vc-mtn.el
add-log.el cust-print.el dired.el and 249 other files
Eric Schulte: wrote ob-C.el ob-asymptote.el ob-awk.el ob-calc.el
ob-comint.el ob-css.el ob-ditaa.el ob-dot.el ob-emacs-lisp.el
ob-eval.el ob-gnuplot.el ob-haskell.el ob-java.el ob-js.el ob-keys.el
ob-latex.el ob-ocaml.el ob-org.el ob-ruby.el ob-sass.el ob-scheme.el
ob-sh.el ob-shen.el ob-sql.el ob-sqlite.el ob-table.el ob-tangle.el
org-exp-blocks.el org-plot.el
and co-wrote ob-R.el ob-clojure.el ob-exp.el ob-fortran.el ob-lisp.el
ob-lob.el ob-maxima.el ob-perl.el ob-picolisp.el ob-python.el ob-ref.el
ob.el org-bibtex.el
and changed org.texi org.el org-exp.el org-latex.el org-src.el
ob-plantuml.el org-macs.el org-table.el org-agenda.el org-mouse.el
orgcard.tex ob-lilypond.el ob-mscgen.el ob-octave.el ob-screen.el
org-ascii.el org-clock.el org-compat.el org-footnote.el org-html.el
gnus-art.el and 7 other files
Eric Youngdale: changed etags-vmslib.c
Eric Yu: changed speedbar.texi
Erik Hetzner: changed org.el
Erik Naggum: wrote disp-table.el mailheader.el parse-time.el
and changed simple.el emacs.c files.el lread.c rmail.el alloc.c editfns.c
keyboard.c apropos.el configure.ac dispnew.c filelock.c fns.c keymap.c
lisp.h print.c process.c add-log.el buffer.c casetab.c cl-macs.el
and 114 other files
Erik Toubro Nielsen: changed gnus-sum.el gnus-topic.el
Espen Skoglund: wrote pascal.el
Espen Wiborg: changed utf-7.el
Ethan Bradford: changed ispell.el ange-ftp.el gnus.el gnuspost.el lpr.el
mailalias.el vt-control.el
Ethan Ligon: changed org-docbook.el org-html.el
Eugene Exarevsky: changed sql.el
Evangelos Evangelou: changed progmodes/f90.el
Evgeni Dobrev: changed man.el
Evgeny Roubinchtein: changed mail-source.el pc-select.el
Exal de Jesus Garcia Carrillo: changed erc.texi erc-sound.el
F. Thomas May: wrote blackbox.el
Fabian Ezequiel Gallina: changed progmodes/python.el
Fabián E. Gallina: wrote progmodes/python.el
Fabián Ezequiel Gallina: changed progmodes/python.el python-tests.el
imenu.el
Fabrice Bauzac: changed dired-aux.el
Fabrice Niessen: changed org-agenda.el
Fabrice Popineau: changed w32.c w32fns.c nmake.defs w32heap.c
addsection.c alloc.c config.nt dispextern.h emacs-x64.manifest
emacs-x86.manifest emacs.c etags.c fileio.c frame.c gmake.defs
gmalloc.c gnus-cache.el image.c inc/ms-w32.h inttypes.h lisp.h
and 18 other files
Fan Kai: changed esh-arg.el
Faried Nawaz: changed message.el
Felix Lee: changed flyspell.el outline.el cl.texi data.c gud.el nntp.el
process.c progmodes/compile.el vc.el xdisp.c
Felix Mueller: changed nsterm.m
Felix S. T. Wu: co-wrote vi.el (public domain)
Feng Li: changed calc-ext.el
Feng Shu: changed org.el org-exp.el org-html.el org-latex.el org.texi
Ferenc Wagner: changed nnweb.el
Filipe Cabecinhas: changed nsterm.m
Flemming Hoejstrup Hansen: changed forms.el
Florian Adamsky: changed recentf.el
Florian Ragwitz: changed gnus-html.el sieve-manage.el
Florian Weimer: changed message.el gnus.el coding.c gnus-sum.el gnus.texi
mm-decode.el mm-util.el
Fran Litterio: changed erc-backend.el erc.el
Francesc Rocher: changed MORE.STUFF startup.el cus-start.el gnus.el
gnus.png gnus.svg macterm.c splash.png splash.svg splash8.xpm w32term.c
xdisp.c xterm.c
Francesco Pizzolante: changed org-clock.el org-macs.el
Francesco Potortì: wrote cmacexp.el
and changed etags.c man.el delta.h etags.1 undigest.el Makefile.in
comint.el configure.ac maintaining.texi uniquify.el latin-post.el
rmail.el etags.el latin-alt.el sgml-mode.el data.c european.el
filelock.c files.el generic-x.el gud.el and 45 other files
Francis Devereux: changed nsfont.m
Francis J. Wright: wrote woman.el
and changed dired.el comint.el cus-edit.el files.el ps-print.el
Francis Litterio: changed erc.el erc-list.el erc-dcc.el erc-notify.el
erc-button.el erc-goodies.el erc-nets.el erc-ring.el erc-pcomplete.el
message.el erc-backend.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-match.el erc-nickserv.el
erc-page.el erc-speedbar.el gnus-util.el keymaps.texi os.texi
saveplace.el w32term.c and 3 other files
Francois Felix Ingrand: changed gnus-salt.el
Francois Fleuret: changed tex-mode.el
Frank Bennett: changed nnmail.el
Frank Bresz: wrote diff.el
Frank Schmitt: changed gnus-sum.el cmdargs.texi gnus-faq.texi
gnus-util.el
Frank Weinberg: changed gnus-art.el
François Allisson: changed org.texi
François Pinard: co-wrote po.el
and changed nndoc.el allout.el bytecomp.el gnus-sum.el gnus-util.el
gnus-uu.el make-mode.el nnmail.el org.el rmailsum.el timezone.el
François-David Collin: changed message.el mm-decode.el
Fred Fish: changed linux.h unexcoff.c
Fred Oberhauser: changed nnmail.el
Frederic Han: changed iso-cvt.el
Frederic Lepied: wrote expand.el
and changed gnus.el
Frederic Pierresteguy: wrote widget.c
and changed xmenu.c xterm.c xfns.c dpx2.h lwlib.c rmailsum.el rmail.el
xlwmenu.c xterm.h lwlib-Xaw.c lwlib-Xlw.c Makefile.in configure.ac
lwlib-Xaw.h lwlib-int.h xdisp.c compile.el editfns.c fns.c frame.h
hilit19.el and 9 other files
Frederik Fouvry: changed sendmail.el TUTORIAL.nl emacs.bash faces.el
filecache.el mailalias.el rmail.el thumbs.el
Fredrik Axelsson: changed cus-start.el window.c
Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs: changed org.el
Fritz Knabe: changed mh-mime.el
Frédéric Bothamy: changed TUTORIAL.fr
Frédéric Perrin: changed vc-dispatcher.el
G Dinesh Dutt: changed etags.el
Gareth Jones: changed fns.c gnus-score.el
Garrett Wollman: changed sendmail.el
Gary D. Foster: wrote crisp.el scroll-all.el
and changed gnus-group.el gnus-topic.el
Gary Delp: wrote mailpost.el (public domain)
Gary Howell: changed server.el
Gary Oberbrunner: changed gud.el
Gary Wong: changed termcap.c tparam.c
Gaute B Strokkenes: changed imap.el gnus-fun.el mail-source.el process.c
Geert Kloosterman: changed which-func.el
Geoff Gole: changed align.el ibuffer.el whitespace.el
Geoff Greene: changed message.el
Geoff Voelker: wrote ms-w32.h w32-fns.el w32.c w32.h w32heap.c w32heap.h
w32inevt.c w32proc.c w32term.c
and changed makefile.nt w32fns.c fileio.c makefile.def callproc.c
s/ms-w32.h unexw32.c w32term.h dos-w32.el emacs.bat loadup.el
w32-win.el emacs.c keyboard.c process.c w32console.c addpm.c cmdproxy.c
comint.el files.el inc/ms-w32.h and 105 other files
Georg C. F. Greve: changed pgg-gpg.el
George Kettleborough: changed org-clock.el org-timer.el
George V. Reilly: changed emacs.ico makefile.nt
Georges Brun-Cottan: wrote easy-mmode.el
Gerd Möllmann: wrote authors.el ebrowse.el jit-lock.el rx.el tooltip.el
and changed xdisp.c xterm.c dispnew.c dispextern.h xfns.c xfaces.c
window.c keyboard.c lisp.h Makefile.in faces.el alloc.c buffer.c
startup.el xterm.h fns.c simple.el term.c configure.ac frame.c xmenu.c
and 617 other files
Gergely Nagy: changed erc.el
Gergely Risko: changed coding.c
Germano Caronni: changed ralloc.c
Gernot Heiser: changed refer.el
Giorgos Keramidas: changed configure.ac erc-backend.el erc.el alloc.c
amdx86-64.h apropos.el display.texi erc-services.el filelock.c fringe.c
fringe.el lisp.h rcirc.el windows.texi xmenu.c
Giovanni Ridolfi: changed org.texi
Giuliano Procida: changed perl-mode.el
Giuseppe Scrivano: changed browse-url.el buffer.c configure.ac sysdep.c
xsmfns.c
Glenn Morris: wrote automated/f90.el automated/vc-bzr.el check-declare.el
and changed Makefile.in configure.ac calendar.el diary-lib.el rmail.el
files.el progmodes/f90.el cal-menu.el emacs.texi makefile.w32-in
appt.el bytecomp.el cal-hebrew.el make-dist holidays.el ack.texi
fortran.el calendar.texi cal-tex.el simple.el sed1v2.inp
and 1360 other files
Glynn Clements: wrote gamegrid.el snake.el tetris.el
Gordon Matzigkeit: changed gnus-uu.el
Greg Hill: changed bytecomp.el
Greg Hudson: changed configure.ac indent.c
Greg Klanderman: changed messagexmas.el
Greg McGary: co-wrote po.el
and changed tar-mode.el
Greg Stark: changed gnus-ems.el timezone.el
Gregor Schmid: changed intervals.c intervals.h tcl-mode.el textprop.c
dispnew.c indent.c xdisp.c
Gregor Zattler: changed emacs-lisp-intro.texi
Gregorio Gervasio, Jr.: changed gnus-sum.el
Gregory Chernov: changed nnslashdot.el
Gregory Neil Shapiro: changed mailabbrev.el
Guanpeng Xu: changed add-log.el TUTORIAL.cn display.texi mouse.el
pcomplete.el search.c subr.el type-break.el
Gunnar Horrigmo: changed gnus-sum.el
Gustav Hållberg: changed descr-text.el progmodes/compile.el rect.el vc.el
Guy Geens: changed gnus-score.el
Gwern Branwen: changed browse-url.el
Gábor Vida: changed gnus-demon.el auth-source.el ido.el
Göran Uddeborg: changed isc4-1.h
Hallvard B. Furuseth: co-wrote byte-opt.el byte-run.el bytecomp.el
and changed gnus-util.el editfns.c gnus-cache.el gnus-sum.el lread.c
messcompat.el nntp.el print.c process.c search.c
Hamano Kiyoto: changed xml.c
Han Boetes: changed netbsd.h
Han-Wen Nienhuys: changed emacsclient.c server.el
Hanataka, Shinya: changed coding.c
Hans Chalupsky: wrote advice.el trace.el
and changed bytecomp.el
Hans Henrik Eriksen: wrote simula.el
Hans de Graaff: changed mml.el
Hans-Peter Deifel: changed ob.el
Harald Maier: changed w32heap.c
Harald Meland: changed gnus-art.el gnus-salt.el gnus-score.el
gnus-util.el gnus-win.el mail-source.el
Harri Kiiskinen: changed org-protocol.el org-publish.el
Heiko Muenkel: changed b2m.c
Helmut Eller: changed cl-macs.el emacs-lisp/debug.el process.c
Helmut Waitzmann: changed gnus-sum.el gnus.texi
Henning Weiss: changed org-mobile.el
Henrik Enberg: changed rmailout.el gnus-art.el gnus-msg.el lread.c
mail/rmailmm.el rmail.el rmailedit.el rmailkwd.el rmailmsc.el
rmailsort.el rmailsum.el xfaces.c
Henrique Martins: changed mh-mime.el mh-xface.el
Henry Guillaume: wrote find-file.el
Henry Kautz: wrote bib-mode.el refbib.el
Henry Weller: changed mairix.el
Hewlett-Packard: changed emacsclient.c keyboard.c server.el
Hideki Iwamoto: changed etags.c
Hiroshi Fujishima: changed faq.texi gnus-score.el mail-source.el
spam-stat.el
Hiroshi Nakano: changed ralloc.c unexelf.c
Hiroshi Oota: changed coding.c
Hoan Ton-That: changed erc-log.el
Holger Schauer: wrote fortune.el
and changed message-utils.el
Hovav Shacham: wrote windmove.el
Howard Gayle: wrote case-table.el casetab.c iso-ascii.el iso-insert.el
iso-swed.el iso-transl.el rot13.el swedish.el vt100-led.el
Howard Melman: changed imenu.el picture.el
Howie Kaye: wrote sort.el
Hrvoje Nikšić: wrote croatian.el savehist.el
and changed gnus-xmas.el message.el nnmail.el fileio.c fns.c gnus-art.el
gnus-salt.el gnus-spec.el mm-decode.el simple.el add-log.el appt.el
arc-mode.el avoid.el bookmark.el cal-china.el cal-tex.el calendar.el
cl-indent.el cmacexp.el comint.el and 83 other files
Hubert Chan: changed spam.el
Hynek Schlawack: changed gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el
Håkan Granath: changed dired.el
Håkon Malmedal: changed calendar.el holidays.el
Ian Eure: changed sql.el url-util.el
Ian Lance Taylor: changed sco4.h
Ian T Zimmerman: wrote gametree.el
and changed ange-ftp.el desktop.el tex-mode.el
Igor Kuzmin: wrote cconv.el
Ikumi Keita: changed characters.el minibuf.c
Ilja Weis: co-wrote gnus-topic.el
Ilya N. Golubev: changed mm-util.el shell.el
Ilya Shlyakhter: changed org.el ob-lilypond.el org-clock.el
org-colview.el
Ilya Zakharevich: wrote tmm.el
and co-wrote cperl-mode.el
and changed syntax.c syntax.h textprop.c dired.c font-lock.el interval.c
intervals.c intervals.h regex.c regex.h search.c
Indiana University Foundation: changed buffer.c buffer.h indent.c
region-cache.c region-cache.h search.c xdisp.c
Inge Frick: changed easymenu.el keyboard.c view.el compile.el
dired-aux.el arc-mode.el dired.el files.el gnus-sum.el keyboard.h
keymap.c tar-mode.el window.el xmenu.c
Inge Wallin: co-wrote avl-tree.el ewoc.el
Inoue Seiichiro: changed xterm.c xfns.c xterm.h
International Business Machines: changed emacs.c fileio.c process.c
sysdep.c unexcoff.c
Ippei Furuhashi: changed org-colview.el org.texi
Irie Shinsuke: changed subr.el
Irie Tetsuya: changed gnus.texi message.texi
Istvan Marko: changed gnus-agent.el xfns.c
Itai Zukerman: changed mm-decode.el
Ivan Andrus: changed ibuf-ext.el ibuffer.el
Ivan Boldyrev: changed mml1991.el
Ivan Kanis: wrote vc-hg.el
and changed appt.el term.el time.el
Ivan Shmakov: changed tcl.el
Ivan Zakharyaschev: changed codepage.el lread.c
Ivar Rummelhoff: wrote winner.el
Iwamuro Motonori: changed gnus-kill.el
J.D. Smith: co-wrote idlw-help.el idlw-shell.el idlwave.el
and changed idlw-rinfo.el idlw-toolbar.el comint.el idlwave.texi vc.el
bibtex.el files.texi hideshow.el idlw-complete-structtag.el misc.texi
mouse.el
Jaap-Henk Hoepman: changed mm-decode.el
Jack Duthen: changed which-func.el
Jack Repenning: changed unexelfsgi.c
Jack Twilley: changed message.el
Jacob Morzinski: changed mh-comp.el
Jacques Duthen: co-wrote ps-print.el ps-samp.el
Jae-Hyeon Park: changed fontset.el
Jaeyoun Chung: changed hangul3.el hanja3.el gnus-mule.el hangul.el
Jambunathan K: wrote org-lparse.el org-odt.el
and changed org.el org-exp.el org.texi OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml
OrgOdtStyles.xml org-footnote.el org-inlinetask.el register.el
htmlfontify.el minibuffer.el org-bbdb.el org-compat.el org-html.el
package-x.el quail/indian.el regs.texi tar-mode.el vc-dir.el
James Clark: wrote nxml-enc.el nxml-glyph.el nxml-maint.el nxml-mode.el
nxml-ns.el nxml-outln.el nxml-parse.el nxml-rap.el nxml-uchnm.el
nxml-util.el rng-cmpct.el rng-dt.el rng-loc.el rng-maint.el
rng-match.el rng-nxml.el rng-parse.el rng-pttrn.el rng-uri.el
rng-util.el rng-valid.el rng-xsd.el sgml-mode.el xmltok.el
xsd-regexp.el
and changed fns.c nxml-mode.texi window.c xselect.c
James Cloos: wrote arabic.el
and changed url-history.el xfns.c xterm.c xterm.h
James R. Larus: co-wrote mh-e.el
James R. Van Zandt: changed sh-script.el
James TD Smith: changed org.el org-colview.el org-clock.el
org-remember.el org-plot.el org-agenda.el org-compat.el org-habit.el
org.texi
James Troup: changed gnus-sum.el
James Van Artsdalen: changed unexcoff.c usg5-4.h
James Wright: changed em-unix.el
Jamie Zawinski: wrote mailabbrev.el tar-mode.el
and co-wrote byte-opt.el byte-run.el bytecomp.el disass.el font-lock.el
and changed bytecode.c mail-extr.el subr.el
Jan Beich: changed configure.ac
Jan Bäcker: changed org.texi
Jan Böcker: wrote org-docview.el
and changed org.el
Jan Böker: changed org.el
Jan Djärv: wrote dnd.el dynamic-setting.el x-dnd.el
and changed gtkutil.c xterm.c xfns.c nsterm.m configure.ac xmenu.c
xterm.h gtkutil.h Makefile.in keyboard.c x-win.el nsfns.m nsmenu.m
frame.c frames.texi nsterm.h xsettings.c emacs.c xselect.c process.c
xlwmenu.c and 306 other files
Jan Moringen: co-wrote srecode/cpp.el tango-dark-theme.el tango-theme.el
and changed dbus.el dbus.texi dbusbind.c eieio.el idle.el insert.el
log-edit.el srecode/find.el wisent/python.el zeroconf.el
Jan Nieuwenhuizen: changed info.el TUTORIAL.nl add-log.el emacs.c
emacsclient.c gnus-start.el gud.el nnmh.el server.el startup.el
Jan Rychter: changed gnus-msg.el
Jan Schormann: wrote solitaire.el
Jan Seeger: changed org-publish.el parse-time.el
Jan Tatarik: changed gnus-score.el gnus-logic.el
Jan Vroonhof: changed gnus-cite.el gnus-msg.el nntp.el
Jan-Hein Buhrman: changed ange-ftp.el env.el
Jared Finder: changed progmodes/compile.el
Jari Aalto: changed add-log.el filecache.el progmodes/grep.el comint.el
gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el gnus.texi ispell.el lisp-mnt.el man.el
nnmail.el apropos.el autorevert.el checkdoc.el cperl-mode.el desktop.el
em-ls.el emacs-lisp/debug.el emacsclient.1 executable.el files.el
and 21 other files
Jason Baker: changed gnus-art.el
Jason Dunsmore: changed org-html.el org.el
Jason L. Wright: changed smtpmail.el
Jason Merrill: changed gnus-sum.el add-log.el gnus-salt.el imap.el
nnfolder.el
Jason Riedy: changed org-table.el org.texi
Jason Rumney: wrote w32-vars.el
and changed w32fns.c w32term.c w32font.c makefile.w32-in w32menu.c
w32-win.el w32term.h w32.c w32uniscribe.c w32-fns.el makefile.nt
w32console.c w32bdf.c configure.bat keyboard.c w32proc.c w32select.c
font.c image.c w32font.h w32gui.h and 161 other files
Jason S. Cornez: changed keyboard.c
Jay Belanger: changed calc.texi calc.el calc-ext.el calc-units.el
calc-aent.el calc-embed.el calc-help.el calc-lang.el calc-prog.el
calccomp.el calc-math.el calc-arith.el calc-graph.el calc-misc.el
calc-alg.el calc-forms.el calc-store.el calc-yank.el calcalg2.el
calc-bin.el calc-mode.el and 40 other files
Jay K. Adams: wrote jka-cmpr-hook.el jka-compr.el
Jay Mccarthy: changed org-colview.el
Jay Sachs: changed gnus-score.el gnus-win.el
Jean-Philippe Theberge: wrote thumbs.el
Jeff Dairiki: changed whitespace.el
Jeff Dwork: changed ehelp.el facemenu.el
Jeff Miller: changed appt.el calendar.el
Jeff Morgenthaler: changed flow-ctrl.el vt200.el vt201.el vt220.el
vt240.el
Jeff Norden: wrote kermit.el
Jeff Peck: wrote sun.el
Jeffrey C Honig: wrote mh-print.el
and changed mh-e.el mh-comp.el mh-utils.el mh-mime.el mh-customize.el
mh-funcs.el mh-alias.el mh-seq.el bsdos4.h mh-folder.el mh-junk.el
mh-show.el
Jens Krinke: changed smime.el
Jens Lautenbacher: changed gnus.el
Jens Petersen: wrote find-func.el
and changed mule-cmds.el pcmpl-rpm.el
Jens Toivo Berger Thielemann: changed word-help.el
Jens-Ulrik Holger Petersen: changed cus-edit.el ffap.el find-func.el
gnus.el
Jeramey Crawford: changed amdx86-64.h configure.ac
Jeremy Bertram Maitin-Shepard: changed erc.el erc-backend.el
erc-button.el erc-track.el mml.el
Jeremy Moore: changed hideif.el
Jeremy Whitlock: changed progmodes/python.el
Jerry Frain: changed systime.h usg5-4.h
Jerry James: changed format.el dns.el gnus-spec.el gnus-util.el
gnus-xmas.el
Jes Bodi Klinke: changed progmodes/compile.el
Jesper Harder: wrote yenc.el
and changed gnus-sum.el gnus-art.el message.el gnus-group.el gnus-msg.el
gnus.el gnus-util.el rfc2047.el mm-bodies.el mm-util.el mml.el
mm-decode.el nnrss.el gnus-srvr.el gnus-topic.el nnmail.el
gnus-start.el gnus-uu.el spam-stat.el gnus-score.el gnus.texi
and 201 other files
Jhair Tocancipa Triana: changed gnus-audio.el
Jihyun Cho: wrote hangul.el hanja-util.el
Jim Blandy: wrote tvi970.el
and co-wrote wyse50.el
and changed keyboard.c xterm.c xfns.c Makefile.in window.c process.c
ymakefile dispnew.c xdisp.c sysdep.c configure.ac lisp.h keymap.c
configure make-dist buffer.c frame.c screen.c simple.el alloc.c emacs.c
and 388 other files
Jim Diamond: changed server.el
Jim Kingdon: changed emacsclient.c emacs.tex functions.texinfo hp300bsd.h
rmail.el
Jim Meyering: changed lread.c w32.c w32font.c copyright.el ebrowse.c
emacs.c make-docfile.c nsfont.m pop.c term.c xfaces.c xselect.c xterm.c
Makefile.in alloc.c artist.el autoinsert.el buffer.h callproc.c
character.h charset.c and 56 other files
Jim Radford: changed gnus-start.el
Jim Salem: wrote completion.el
Jim Thompson: co-wrote ps-print.el ps-samp.el
Jim Wilson: changed Makefile.in alloca.c
Jindrich Makovicka: changed eval.c fns.c
Jirka Kosek: changed mule.el
Joachim Nilsson: changed cc-styles.el
Joachim Reiter: changed org-footnote.el
Joakim Hove: wrote html2text.el
Joakim Hårsman: changed w32fns.c
Joakim Verona: wrote db-javascript.el
and co-wrote db-ebrowse.el
and changed Makefile.in configure.ac image-mode.el image.c image.el
nnrss.el progmodes/compile.el thingatpt.el window.c window.h
Joanna Pluta: changed TUTORIAL.pl
Jochen Hein: changed gnus-art.el
Jochen Küpper: changed gnus.texi calc-units.el
Joe Buehler: changed Makefile.in configure.ac cygwin.h browse-url.el
comint.el configure dired-aux.el dired.el dirtrack.el dos-w32.el
fast-lock.el filecache.el fileio.c files.el gmalloc.c gnus-util.el
hippie-exp.el keyboard.c lastfile.c loadup.el mem-limits.h
and 11 other files
Joe Casadonte: changed gnus-srvr.el
Joe Corneli: changed subr.el
Joe Edmonds: changed lisp-mode.el
Joe Matarazzo: changed ebrowse.c
Joe Ramey: changed filelock.c rmailsum.el
Joe Reiss: changed gnus-art.el
Joe Wells: wrote mail-extr.el resume.el
and co-wrote apropos.el
and changed arc-mode.el tex-mode.el
Joel Bion: changed pcmpl-gnu.el
Joel Boehland: co-wrote ob-clojure.el ob-lisp.el
Joel N. Weber II: changed comint.el make-dist
Joel Ray Holveck: changed gnus-sum.el info.el
Joev Dubach: changed nntp.el
Johan Bockgård: changed erc.el cl-macs.el erc-backend.el erc-button.el
erc-match.el xdisp.c browse-url.el bytecomp.el custom.el display.texi
erc-compat.el erc-nickserv.el erc-ring.el erc-speak.el erc-track.el
help-fns.el icomplete.el mouse-sel.el simple.el subr.el xterm.el
and 50 other files
Johan Euphrosine: changed ibuf-ext.el
Johan Vromans: wrote forms-d2.el forms.el iso-acc.el
and changed complete.el
Johannes Weiner: changed browse-url.el keyboard.c configure.ac
lisp-mode.el lisp.h pp.el sound.c w32term.c xfaces.c xterm.c
John Basrai: changed man.el
John F. Carr: changed dired.c
John F. Whitehead: changed mule-cmds.el mule-diag.el
John Fremlin: changed gnus-msg.el message.el
John Grabowski: changed xfaces.c xfns.c
John H. Palmieri: changed gnus-fun.el
John Heidemann: wrote mouse-copy.el mouse-drag.el
John Hughes: changed term.c
John J Foerch: changed display.texi erc-stamp.el org.el
progmodes/compile.el
John K. Luebs: changed org.el
John Mongan: changed progmodes/f90.el
John Paul Wallington: changed ibuffer.el ibuf-ext.el subr.el help-fns.el
rmail.el files.el thumbs.el bindings.el fns.c xfns.c arc-mode.el
bytecomp.el cus-theme.el font-lock.el hexl.el ibuf-macs.el info.el
minibuf.c re-builder.el simple.el startup.el and 135 other files
John Sullivan: changed window.c
John Tobey: changed gud.el
John W. Eaton: co-wrote octave-mod.el
and changed octave-inf.el
John Wiegley: wrote align.el cal-bahai.el em-alias.el em-banner.el
em-basic.el em-cmpl.el em-dirs.el em-glob.el em-hist.el em-ls.el
em-pred.el em-prompt.el em-rebind.el em-script.el em-smart.el
em-term.el em-unix.el em-xtra.el erc-identd.el esh-arg.el esh-cmd.el
esh-ext.el esh-io.el esh-mode.el esh-module.el esh-opt.el esh-proc.el
esh-util.el esh-var.el eshell/eshell.el eudcb-mab.el isearchb.el
org-attach.el org-crypt.el org-habit.el pcmpl-cvs.el pcomplete.el
remember.el test/eshell.el timeclock.el
and co-wrote org-mac-message.el org-pcomplete.el
and changed org-clock.el org-agenda.el erc-chess.el org.el erc.el
iswitchb.el ido.el alloc.c esh-test.el Makefile.in allout.el
cal-menu.el calendar.el desktop.el diary-lib.el erc-bbdb.el
erc-button.el erc-complete.el erc-fill.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-list.el
and 22 other files
John Williams: changed etags.el
John Yates: changed hideshow.el
Jon Anders Skorpen: changed org-publish.el
Jon Ericson: changed gnus.el spam-report.el
Jon K Hellan: wrote utf7.el
Jonathan I. Kamens: changed pop.c movemail.c rmail.el Makefile.in
configure.ac b2m.pl config.in files.el pop.h terminal.el vc.el
gnus-sum.el jka-compr.el rmailout.el rnewspost.el sendmail.el simple.el
timezone.el vc-hooks.el
Jonathan Marchand: changed cpp-root.el
Jonathan Rockway: changed rcirc.el
Jonathan Stigelman: changed hilit19.el
Jonathan Vail: changed vc.el
Jonathan Yavner: wrote ses.el tcover-ses.el tcover-unsafep.el
testcover.el unsafep.el
and changed ses.texi ses-example.ses Makefile.in edebug.el editfns.c
files.el functions.texi subr.el variables.texi
Jorgen Schaefer: wrote erc-autoaway.el erc-goodies.el erc-spelling.el
and changed erc.el erc-track.el erc-backend.el erc-match.el erc-stamp.el
erc-button.el erc-fill.el erc-truncate.el erc-compat.el erc-members.el
erc-dcc.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-page.el erc-pcomplete.el erc-sound.el
erc-bbdb.el erc-imenu.el erc-lang.el erc-list.el erc-macs.el
erc-menu.el and 8 other files
Jose A. Ortega Ruiz: changed gnus-sum.el
Jose E. Marchesi: changed ada-mode.el gomoku.el simple.el smtpmail.el
Jose Marino: changed idlw-shell.el
Joseph Arceneaux: wrote xrdb.c
and changed xterm.c xfns.c keyboard.c screen.c dispnew.c xdisp.c window.c
x-win.el fileio.c buffer.c xterm.h minibuf.c editfns.c lread.c
process.c alloc.c buffer.h files.el screen.el insdel.c emacs.c
and 106 other files
Joseph M. Kelsey: changed dir.h fileio.c skeleton.el
Josh Elsasser: changed configure.ac
Josh Feinstein: changed erc-join.el erc.el
Josh Huber: changed mml-sec.el mml.el message.el gnus-msg.el mml2015.el
nnmail.el ChangeLog ChangeLog.1 gnus-cite.el gnus-delay.el gnus-spec.el
mml1991.el nnultimate.el nnwfm.el gnus-cus.el gnus-smiley.el
gnus-start.el gnus-topic.el gnus.el nnbabyl.el nndiary.el
and 8 other files
Joshua Varner: changed intro.texi
Jouni K. Seppänen: changed gnus.texi nnimap.el mm-url.el
João Cachopo: changed spam.el
João Távora: changed tex-mode.el
Juan León Lahoz García: wrote wdired.el
and changed files.el perl-mode.el
Juan Pechiar: wrote ob-mscgen.el
and changed ob-octave.el
Juanma Barranquero: wrote emacs-lock.el
and changed makefile.w32-in subr.el w32fns.c server.el emacsclient.c
files.el bs.el config.nt help-fns.el faces.el org.el simple.el xdisp.c
buffer.c w32.c ido.el keyboard.c w32term.c desktop.el process.c
window.c and 1098 other files
Juergen Kreileder: changed imap.el nnimap.el
Juergen Nickelsen: wrote ws-mode.el
Julian Gehring: changed org.texi orgcard.tex
Julian Scheid: changed tramp.el color.el
Julien Avarre: changed gnus-fun.el
Julien Barnier: changed ob-comint.el ob-sh.el org.el
Julien Danjou: wrote erc-desktop-notifications.el gnus-gravatar.el
gnus-notifications.el gravatar.el notifications.el shr-color.el
and co-wrote color.el
and changed shr.el org-agenda.el gnus-art.el gnus-html.el gnus.el
message.el gnus-group.el gnus-util.el mm-decode.el gnus-sum.el
mm-view.el org.el gnus.texi nnimap.el mm-uu.el nnir.el sieve-manage.el
color-lab.el gnus-demon.el gnus-msg.el url-cache.el and 94 other files
Julien Gilles: wrote gnus-ml.el
Junio Hamano: changed window.el
Jure Cuhalev: changed ispell.el
Juri Linkov: wrote files-x.el misearch.el occur-tests.el
and changed info.el isearch.el simple.el replace.el dired-aux.el
progmodes/grep.el dired.el progmodes/compile.el startup.el faces.el
files.el descr-text.el display.texi menu-bar.el bindings.el cus-edit.el
image-mode.el ispell.el man.el dired-x.el arc-mode.el
and 339 other files
Justin Bogner: changed fortune.el
Justin Sheehy: changed gnus-sum.el nntp.el
Justus Piater: changed smtpmail.el
Jérémie Courrèges-Anglas: changed org-latex.el org.texi
Jérémy Compostella: changed battery.el keyboard.c windmove.el window.el
xdisp.c
Jérôme Marant: changed Makefile.in make-dist bindings.el configure.ac
emacsclient.c misc.texi
Jürgen Hötzel: changed comint.el url-handlers.el wid-edit.el
K. Shane Hartman: wrote chistory.el echistory.el electric.el emacsbug.el
helper.el picture.el view.el
and changed rmail.el ebuff-menu.el simple.el dired.el add-log.el
lisp-mode.el mim-mode.el shell.el buff-menu.el buffer.c c-mode.el
mail-utils.el more-mode.el aton.el c++-mode.el cmds.c compile.el
files.el gud.el indent.el info.el and 13 other files
Kahlil Hodgson: changed timeclock.el
Kai Großjohann: wrote gnus-delay.el nnir.el tramp-uu.el trampver.el
and co-wrote longlines.el tramp-sh.el tramp.el
and changed message.el gnus-agent.el gnus-sum.el files.el nnmail.el
tramp.texi nntp.el gnus.el simple.el ange-ftp.el Makefile.in dired.el
paragraphs.el bindings.el files.texi gnus-art.el gnus-group.el man.el
INSTALL crisp.el fileio.c and 45 other files
Kai Tetzlaff: changed org-publish.el url-http.el
Kailash C. Chowksey: changed HELLO Makefile.in ind-util.el kannada.el
knd-util.el loadup.el makefile.w32-in
Kalle Kankare: changed image.c
Kalle Olavi Niemitalo: changed keyboard.c
Kan-Ru Chen: changed nnir.el ecomplete.el gnus-diary.el gnus.texi
nroff-mode.el
Kanematsu Daiji: changed nnimap.el
Karel Klíč: changed fileio.c files.el Makefile.in configure.ac eval.c
ftfont.c lisp.h text.texi tramp.el
Karl Berry: changed emacs.texi info.texi elisp.texi text.texi anti.texi
display.texi emacs-xtra.texi faq.texi filelock.c gnu.texi macos.texi
minibuf.texi mule.texi processes.texi texinfo.tex ada-mode.texi
autotype.texi building.texi calc.texi cc-mode.texi cl.texi
and 93 other files
Karl Chen: changed files.el align.el cc-vars.el emacsclient.c gnus-art.el
help-mode.el jka-cmpr-hook.el make-mode.el perl-mode.el
progmodes/python.el tex-mode.el vc-svn.el
Karl Eichwalder: changed Makefile.in add-log.el bookmark.el dired-aux.el
dired.el info.el menu-bar.el midnight.el po.el
Karl Fogel: wrote bookmark.el mail-hist.el saveplace.el
and changed files.el doc-view.el image-mode.el info.el simple.el INSTALL
autogen.sh isearch.el menu-bar.el thingatpt.el INSTALL.BZR configure
configure.ac editfns.c gnus-bookmark.el gnus-msg.el gnus-sum.el man.el
nnmail.el org-agenda.el vc-svn.el and 4 other files
Karl Heuer: changed keyboard.c lisp.h xdisp.c buffer.c xfns.c xterm.c
alloc.c files.el frame.c configure.ac window.c Makefile.in data.c
minibuf.c editfns.c fns.c process.c fileio.c simple.el keymap.c
indent.c and 443 other files
Karl Kleinpaste: changed gnus-sum.el gnus-art.el gnus-picon.el
gnus-score.el gnus-uu.el gnus-xmas.el gnus.el mm-uu.el mml.el nnmail.el
smiley.el
Karl Landstrom: co-wrote js.el
Karl M. Hegbloom: changed gnus.el
Karl Pflästerer: changed gnus-art.el gnus-score.el mml.el spam-stat.el
vc-svn.el
Katsuhiro Hermit Endo: changed gnus-group.el gnus-spec.el
Katsumi Yamaoka: wrote canlock.el
and changed gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el message.el gnus.texi mm-decode.el
mm-util.el mm-view.el gnus-group.el mml.el gnus-msg.el gnus-util.el
rfc2047.el gnus-start.el gnus.el shr.el nntp.el gnus-agent.el nnrss.el
nnmail.el mm-uu.el gnus-html.el and 141 other files
Kaushik Srenevasan: changed gdb-mi.el
Kaveh R. Ghazi: changed delta88k.h xterm.c
Kayvan Sylvan: changed supercite.el
Kazuhiro Ito: changed coding.c flow-fill.el font.c starttls.el
Kazushi Marukawa: changed filelock.c hexl.c profile.c unexalpha.c
Keiichi Suzuki: changed nntp.el
Keisuke Nishida: changed print.c alloc.c bytecomp.el data.c keymap.c
Keitaro Miyazaki: changed re-builder.el
Keith Gabryelski: wrote hexl.c hexl.el
Keith Packard: changed font.c
Ken Brown: changed configure.ac cygwin.h browse-url.el gmalloc.c sheap.c
emacs.c vm-limit.c xgselect.c callproc.c dired.c fileio.c gdb-mi.el
loadup.el mem-limits.h unexcw.c xfns.c xterm.h
Ken Brush: changed emacsclient.c
Ken Laprade: changed simple.el
Ken Manheimer: wrote allout-widgets.el allout.el icomplete.el
and changed pgg-gpg.el pgg.el progmodes/python.el locked-encrypted.png
locked-encrypted.xpm pgg-pgp.el pgg-pgp5.el unlocked-encrypted.png
unlocked-encrypted.xpm README edebug.el pgg.texi tips.texi
Ken Raeburn: changed lisp.h lread.c Makefile.in alloc.c buffer.c fns.c
keyboard.c minibuf.c coding.c editfns.c fileio.c keymap.c xdisp.c
configure.ac emacs.c undo.c xfns.c xterm.c charset.h coding.h fontset.c
and 93 other files
Ken Stevens: wrote ispell.el
Kenichi Handa: wrote composite.el isearch-x.el language/cyrillic.el
ps-bdf.el py-punct.el pypunct-b5.el thai-word.el
and co-wrote ps-def.el ps-mule.el ps-print.el ps-samp.el quail.el
and changed coding.c mule-cmds.el mule.el fontset.c charset.c xdisp.c
fontset.el font.c xterm.c Makefile.in fileio.c mule-conf.el
characters.el fns.c ftfont.c mule-diag.el charset.h ccl.c coding.h
xfaces.c editfns.c and 408 other files
Kenichi Okada: co-wrote sasl-cram.el sasl-digest.el
Kenneth Stailey: changed alpha.h configure.ac ns32000.h openbsd.h pmax.h
sparc.h unexalpha.c unexelf.c
Kentaro Ohkouchi: changed emacs.png README emacs.ico emacs.svg
emacs16_mac.png emacs24_mac.png emacs256_mac.png emacs32_mac.png
emacs48_mac.png emacs512_mac.png emacs-document.svg gnu.h
Kester Habermann: changed etags.c
Kevin Blake: changed font-lock.el ring.el
Kevin Broadey: wrote foldout.el
Kevin Christian: changed gnus-score.el
Kevin Gallagher: wrote edt-lk201.el edt-mapper.el edt-pc.el edt-user.el
edt-vt100.el edt.el flow-ctrl.el
and changed edt.texi
Kevin Gallo: wrote w32-win.el
and changed makefile.nt dispnew.c addpm.c config.nt config.w95
dispextern.h emacs.c facemenu.el faces.el fns.c frame.c frame.h
keyboard.c makefile.def mouse.el ntterm.c process.c s/ms-w32.h scroll.c
startup.el sysdep.c and 19 other files
Kevin Greiner: wrote legacy-gnus-agent.el
and changed gnus-agent.el gnus-sum.el gnus-start.el gnus-int.el nntp.el
gnus-util.el gnus.el gnus-cus.el gnus-group.el gnus-art.el
gnus-cache.el gnus-range.el gnus-draft.el gnus-srvr.el gnus.texi
nnagent.el nnheader.el gnus-async.el gnus-registry.el gnus-salt.el
gnus-uu.el and 3 other files
Kevin Layer: changed w32proc.c
Kevin Rodgers: changed compile.el mailabbrev.el dired-x.el files.el
progmodes/compile.el ange-ftp.el byte-opt.el desktop.el diff-mode.el
dired-x.texi ffap.el files.texi flyspell.el isearch.el killing.texi
lisp.el loadhist.el mailalias.el menu-bar.el print.c progmodes/grep.el
and 8 other files
Kevin Ryde: wrote info-xref.el
and changed info-look.el info.el checkdoc.el cl.texi compilation.txt
arc-mode.el ffap.el gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el mule.el os.texi
progmodes/compile.el woman.el MORE.STUFF browse-url.el copyright.el
dig.el etags.c flyspell.el keyboard.c mailcap.el and 81 other files
Kim F. Storm: wrote bindat.el cua-base.el cua-gmrk.el cua-rect.el ido.el
keypad.el kmacro.el
and changed xdisp.c dispextern.h process.c simple.el window.c keyboard.c
xterm.c dispnew.c subr.el w32term.c lisp.h fringe.c display.texi
macterm.c alloc.c fns.c xfaces.c keymap.c xfns.c xterm.h .gdbinit
and 250 other files
Kim-Minh Kaplan: changed gnus-picon.el gnus-sum.el gnus-start.el
gnus-win.el gnus-xmas.el gnus.texi imap.el message.el nndraft.el
nnml.el
Kimit Yada: changed copyright.el
Kirk Kelsey: changed make-mode.el
Kishore Kumar: changed terminal.el
Klaus Straubinger: changed url-http.el url-history.el pcmpl-rpm.el
url-cookie.el url.el
Klaus Zeitler: changed configure.ac files.el sh-script.el vcursor.el
Knut Anders Hatlen: changed nnimap.el imap.el
Koaunghi Un: wrote hanja3.el
and changed hanja.el hangul.el hangul3.el hanja-jis.el symbol-ksc.el
Kobayashi Yasuhiro: changed w32fns.c configure.bat indent.c info.el
w32term.c w32term.h window.c xfns.c
Konrad Hinsen: wrote org-eshell.el
and changed ob-python.el
Konstantin Novitsky: changed progmodes/python.el
Kristoffer Grönlund: wrote wombat-theme.el
Kurt B. Kaiser: changed message.el
Kurt Hornik: wrote octave-inf.el
and co-wrote octave-mod.el
and changed battery.el ielm.el octave-hlp.el term.el
Kurt Swanson: changed gnus-art.el gnus-salt.el gnus-sum.el gnus-ems.el
gnus-group.el gnus-msg.el gnus-score.el gnus-util.el nnmail.el window.c
Kyle Jones: wrote life.el
and changed saveconf.el buffer.c mail-utils.el sendmail.el
Kyotaro Horiguchi: changed coding.c indent.c
Károly Lőrentey: changed xfns.c bindings.el keyboard.c menu-bar.el
buffer.c coding.c frame.el print.c rxvt.el simple.el spam.el sysdep.c
x-win.el xdisp.c xt-mouse.el xterm.c xterm.h .gdbinit AT386.el HELLO
Makefile.in and 101 other files
Laimonas Vėbra: changed european.el
Lara Rios: co-wrote cal-menu.el
Lars Balker Rasmussen: changed gnus-art.el gnus-agent.el message.el
Lars Brinkhoff: changed building.texi config.in configure.ac editfns.c
fns.c os.texi
Lars Hansen: changed desktop.el tramp.el info.el mh-e.el dired-x.el
dired-x.texi dired.el ls-lisp.el rmail.el dired.c files.texi
hilit-chg.el misc.texi url-auth.el url-cache.el url-dired.el url-ftp.el
url-irc.el url-misc.el url-news.el url-privacy.el and 39 other files
Lars Lindberg: wrote msb.el
and co-wrote dabbrev.el imenu.el
Lars Ljung: changed esh-ext.el
Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen: wrote compface.el dns.el ecomplete.el
format-spec.el gnus-agent.el gnus-art.el gnus-async.el gnus-bcklg.el
gnus-cache.el gnus-demon.el gnus-draft.el gnus-dup.el gnus-eform.el
gnus-ems.el gnus-fun.el gnus-group.el gnus-html.el gnus-int.el
gnus-logic.el gnus-picon.el gnus-range.el gnus-salt.el gnus-spec.el
gnus-srvr.el gnus-start.el gnus-sum.el gnus-undo.el gnus-util.el
gnus-uu.el gnus-win.el ietf-drums.el mail-parse.el mail-prsvr.el
mail-source.el message.el messcompat.el mm-archive.el mm-view.el mml.el
netrc.el network-stream.el nnagent.el nndir.el nndraft.el nngateway.el
nnmail.el nnoo.el nntp.el nnweb.el qp.el rfc2045.el rfc2231.el rtree.el
score-mode.el shr.el spam.el url-domsuf.el url-queue.el
and co-wrote gnus-kill.el gnus-mh.el gnus-msg.el gnus-score.el
gnus-topic.el gnus.el gssapi.el mailcap.el mm-bodies.el mm-decode.el
mm-encode.el mm-util.el nnbabyl.el nndoc.el nneething.el nnfolder.el
nnheader.el nnimap.el nnmbox.el nnmh.el nnml.el nnspool.el nnvirtual.el
rfc2047.el time-date.el
and changed gnus.texi gnus-cite.el smtpmail.el pop3.el gnus-xmas.el
auth-source.el proto-stream.el url-http.el gnutls.c subr.el xml.c
dired.el editfns.c nnultimate.el simple.el gnus-nocem.el
gnus-registry.el imap.el nnkiboze.el nnrss.el nnslashdot.el
and 219 other files
Lars Rasmusson: changed ebrowse.c
Lasse Rasinen: changed gnus-start.el
Laurent Martelli: changed mm-decode.el
Lawrence Mitchell: wrote erc-backend.el erc-log.el
and changed erc.el org-latex.el org.el erc-match.el erc-nets.el
erc-nickserv.el org-exp.el browse-url.el erc-button.el erc-compat.el
erc-dcc.el erc-fill.el erc-list.el erc-track.el ielm.el ob.el
org-html.el cl-macs.el erc-autoaway.el erc-autojoin.el erc-bbdb.el
and 24 other files
Lawrence R. Dodd: co-wrote dired-x.el
and changed fortran.el ispell.el sendmail.el cmuscheme.el comint.el
compile.el dired.el find-dired.el gnus.el gud.el inf-lisp.el info.el
lisp.el man.el minibuf.c rcs2log rmail.el simple.el terminal.el
text-mode.el tpu-edt.el and 3 other files
Le Wang: changed org-src.el hilit-chg.el misc.el
Leigh Stoller: changed emacsclient.c server.el
Lennart Borgman: wrote org-freemind.el
and co-wrote ert-x.el
and changed nxml-mode.el tutorial.el window.el ada-xref.el buff-menu.el
emacs-lisp/debug.el emacsclient.c filesets.el flymake.el help-fns.el
isearch.el linum.el lisp-mode.el lisp.el mouse.el recentf.el
remember.el replace.el ruby-mode.el shell.el texinfmt.el
and 3 other files
Lennart Staflin: changed dired.el diary-ins.el diary-lib.el tq.el xdisp.c
Leo Liu: changed rcirc.el ido.el abbrev.el progmodes/python.el files.el
makefile.w32-in subr.el diff-mode.el font-lock.el Makefile.in
cc-cmds.el deps.mk dnd.el em-hist.el erc.el flymake.el fns.c
footnote.el fringe.c gnulib.mk help-mode.el and 79 other files
Leo P. White: changed eieio-custom.el
Leonard H. Tower Jr.: changed rnews.el rnewspost.el emacsbug.el
rmailout.el sendmail.el
Levin Du: changed parse-time.el org-clock.el
Lewis Perin: changed emacs-x86.manifest
Liam Healy: changed outline.el
Liam Stitt: changed url-file.el url-vars.el
Liang Wang: changed etags.el
Litvinov Sergey: changed ob-maxima.el ob-octave.el
Lloyd Zusman: changed mml.el pgg-gpg.el
Luc Teirlinck: wrote help-at-pt.el
and changed files.el autorevert.el cus-edit.el subr.el simple.el
frames.texi startup.el display.texi files.texi Makefile.in dired.el
comint.el custom.texi emacs.texi fns.c frame.el ielm.el minibuf.texi
modes.texi variables.texi buffers.texi and 212 other files
Luca Capello: changed mm-encode.el
Lucid, Inc.: changed byte-opt.el byte-run.el bytecode.c bytecomp.el
delsel.el disass.el faces.el font-lock.el lmenu.el mailabbrev.el
select.el xfaces.c xselect.c
Ludovic Courtes: changed nnregistry.el
Ludovic Courtès: wrote nnregistry.el
and changed configure.ac gnus.texi
Lukas Huonker: changed tetris.el
Lute Kamstra: changed modes.texi emacs-lisp/debug.el generic-x.el
generic.el font-lock.el simple.el subr.el Makefile.in battery.el
debugging.texi easy-mmode.el elisp.texi emacs-lisp/generic.el
hl-line.el info.el basic.texi bindings.el calc.el cmdargs.texi
diff-mode.el doclicense.texi and 291 other files
Lynn Slater: wrote help-macro.el
Maciek Pasternacki: changed nnrss.el
Madan Ramakrishnan: changed org-agenda.el
Magnus Henoch: changed url-http.el ispell.el url.el dbusbind.c dns.el
nnmaildir.el url-gw.el url-parse.el url-proxy.el autoinsert.el cl.texi
configure.ac dbus.el gnus.texi hashcash.el log-edit.el message.el
org-clock.el org-latex.el org-table.el process.c and 11 other files
Malcolm Purvis: changed spam-stat.el
Manoj Srivastava: wrote manoj-dark-theme.el
Manuel Giraud: changed org-html.el org-publish.el org.texi
Manuel Gómez: changed speedbar.el
Manuel Serrano: wrote flyspell.el
Marc Fleischeuers: changed files.el
Marc Girod: changed informat.el rmail.el rmailsum.el sendmail.el
Marc Lefranc: changed gnus-art.el
Marc Shapiro: co-wrote bibtex.el
Marcelo Toledo: changed TUTORIAL.pt_BR TUTORIAL.cn TUTORIAL.cs
TUTORIAL.de TUTORIAL.es TUTORIAL.fr TUTORIAL.it TUTORIAL.ja TUTORIAL.ko
TUTORIAL.pl TUTORIAL.ro TUTORIAL.ru TUTORIAL.sk TUTORIAL.sl TUTORIAL.th
TUTORIAL.zh add-log.el european.el
Marco Melgazzi: changed term.el
Marco Walther: changed mips-siemens.h unexelfsni.c unexsni.c
Marcus G. Daniels: changed xterm.c configure.ac lwlib-Xm.c lwlib.c
xdisp.c xfns.c Makefile.in dispnew.c xmenu.c alloc.c config.in
editfns.c emacs.c frame.c frame.h irix5-0.h keyboard.c linux.h
lwlib-Xm.h lwlib.h ntterm.c and 11 other files
Marcus Harnisch: changed gnus-art.el
Marek Martin: changed nnfolder.el
Marien Zwart: changed progmodes/python.el
Mario Lang: wrote erc-button.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-imenu.el erc-menu.el
erc-netsplit.el erc-networks.el erc-notify.el erc-speedbar.el
erc-stamp.el erc-track.el erc-xdcc.el
and co-wrote erc-fill.el
and changed erc.el erc-dcc.el erc-speak.el erc-bbdb.el erc-complete.el
erc-pcomplete.el erc-chess.el erc-list.el battery.el erc-match.el
erc-autojoin.el erc-nets.el erc-nickserv.el erc-ring.el artist.el
cpp-root.el db-el.el db-global.el db-javascript.el db.el diff.el
and 24 other files
Mark A. Hershberger: changed xml.el nnrss.el mm-url.el cperl-mode.el
isearch.el vc-bzr.el Makefile.in NXML-NEWS cc-mode.texi
compilation.txt ede.texi eieio.texi esh-mode.el flymake.el
gnus-group.el makefile.w32-in nxml-mode.texi progmodes/compile.el
progmodes/python.el programs.texi and 7 other files
Mark D. Baushke: changed mh-e.el mh-utils.el mh-mime.el mh-comp.el
mh-search.el mh-customize.el mh-identity.el mh-seq.el mh-speed.el
mh-funcs.el mh-alias.el etags.c mh-junk.el mh-tool-bar.el
mh-xemacs-compat.el pgg-gpg.el
Mark Davies: changed Makefile.in amdx86-64.h configure configure.ac
hp800.h netbsd.h ralloc.c sh3el.h sort.el
Mark Diekhans: changed files.el progmodes/compile.el subr.el
Mark E. Shoulson: changed org.el
Mark H. Weaver: changed comint.el
Mark Hood: changed gnus-uu.el
Mark Lambert: changed process.c process.h
Mark Lillibridge: changed rmail.el mail-utils.el mail/rmailmm.el
unrmail.el
Mark Mitchell: changed font-lock.el
Mark Neale: changed fortran.el
Mark Osbourne: changed hexl-mode.el
Mark Plaksin: changed nnrss.el term.el
Mark Shoulson: changed org-entities.el org.el
Mark Thomas: changed flow-fill.el gnus-sum.el gnus-util.el nnmail.el
Mark Triggs: changed nnir.el
Mark W Maimone: changed mpuz.el
Mark W. Eichin: changed keyboard.c xterm.c
Marko Kohtala: changed info.el
Markus Armbruster: changed avoid.el
Markus Gritsch: changed ebrowse.el
Markus Heiser: changed gud.el
Markus Heritsch: co-wrote ada-mode.el ada-stmt.el ada-xref.el
Markus Holmberg: changed thingatpt.el
Markus Rost: wrote cus-test.el
and changed cus-edit.el Makefile.in files.el progmodes/compile.el
rmail.el tex-mode.el find-func.el rmailsum.el simple.el cus-dep.el
dired.el mule-cmds.el rmailout.el checkdoc.el configure.ac custom.el
emacsbug.el gnus.el help-fns.el ls-lisp.el mwheel.el
and 122 other files
Markus Sauermann: changed lisp-mode.el
Markus Triska: wrote linum.el
and changed bytecomp.el byte-opt.el doctor.el image-mode.el
processes.texi calc-math.el emacs.c expand.el flymake.el flymake.texi
flyspell.el handwrite.el internals.texi proced.el ps-mode.el
speedbar.el subr.el tumme.el widget.texi xterm.c
Marshall T. Vandegrift: changed gnus-fun.el
Martin Blais: co-wrote rst.el
and changed progmodes/compile.el
Martin Boyer: changed bibtex.el menu-bar.el
Martin Buchholz: changed etags.c
Martin J. Reed: changed ldap.el
Martin Kretzschmar: changed gnus-spec.el gnus-sum.el
Martin Larose: changed message.el
Martin Lorentzon: wrote vc-annotate.el
and changed vc.el vc-cvs.el vc-hooks.el vc-rcs.el vc-sccs.el
Martin Neitzel: changed supercite.el
Martin Pohlack: changed iimage.el pc-select.el
Martin Rudalics: changed window.el window.c windows.texi help.el frame.c
buffer.c cus-start.el window.h dired.el frame.el subr.el cus-edit.el
files.el buffers.texi mouse.el emacs-lisp/debug.el keyboard.c xdisp.c
add-log.el lisp.h simple.el and 145 other files
Martin Stjernholm: wrote cc-bytecomp.el
and co-wrote cc-align.el cc-cmds.el cc-compat.el cc-defs.el cc-engine.el
cc-fonts.el cc-langs.el cc-menus.el cc-mode.el cc-styles.el cc-vars.el
and changed cc-fix.el cc-mode.texi Makefile.in cc-guess.el cc-mode-19.el
nnimap.el ack.texi awk-mode.el cc-awk.el cc-lobotomy.el cc-make.el
cc-style.el cc-subword.el files.el generic-x.el gnus-agent.el
gnus-art.el gnus-demon.el mm-decode.el simple.el
Martin Svenson: changed progmodes/python.el
Martin Thornquist: changed gnus-group.el gnus-topic.el
Martyn Jago: wrote ob-lilypond.el
and changed ob-emacs-lisp.el
Masahiko Sato: wrote vip.el
Masanobu Umeda: wrote metamail.el rmailsort.el timezone.el
and co-wrote gnus-kill.el gnus-mh.el gnus-msg.el gnus.el nnbabyl.el
nndoc.el nneething.el nnfolder.el nnheader.el nnmbox.el nnmh.el nnml.el
nnspool.el nnvirtual.el time-date.el
and changed gnuspost.el
Masatake Yamato: wrote ld-script.el subword.el
and co-wrote cc-guess.el
and changed etags.el asm-mode.el hexl.el xdisp.c bindings.el man.el
xfaces.c simple.el vc.el wid-edit.el add-log.el etags.c faces.el
pcvs.el progmodes/compile.el register.el ruler-mode.el buffer.c
cc-langs.el cus-face.el dired-x.el and 78 other files
Masayuki Ataka: changed texinfmt.el texinfo.el characters.el cmuscheme.el
make-mode.el
Masayuki Fujii: changed dnd.el w32-win.el
Mathias Dahl: wrote image-dired.el
and changed tumme.el dired.el dired.texi
Mathias Megyei: changed Makefile.in
Mats Lidell: changed TUTORIAL.sv european.el gnus-art.el org-element.el
Matt Fidler: changed package.el
Matt Hodges: changed textmodes/table.el faces.el iswitchb.el simple.el
tmm.el cal-menu.el calendar.el calendar.texi diary-lib.el easymenu.el
edebug.texi eldoc.el em-hist.el em-pred.el fixit.texi icon.el ido.el
locate.el paragraphs.el pcomplete.el repeat.el and 3 other files
Matt Lundin: changed org-agenda.el org-bibtex.el org-footnote.el org.el
org-bbdb.el org-datetree.el org-gnus.el
Matt Mcclure: changed progmodes/python.el
Matt Pharr: changed message.el
Matt Simmons: changed message.el
Matt Swift: changed dired.el editfns.c lisp-mode.el mm-decode.el
outline.el progmodes/compile.el rx.el simple.el startup.el
Matthew Junker: changed cal-tex.el
Matthew Luckie: changed configure.ac
Matthew Mundell: changed calendar.texi diary-lib.el files.texi
type-break.el debugging.texi display.texi edebug.texi editfns.c eval.c
fileio.c frames.texi help.texi internals.texi modes.texi nonascii.texi
objects.texi os.texi positions.texi searching.texi subr.el text.texi
and 3 other files
Matthias Förste: changed files.el
Matthias Wiehl: changed gnus.el
Matthieu Devin: wrote delsel.el
Matthieu Moy: changed gnus-msg.el message.el
Max Mikhanosha: changed org-agenda.el org-habit.el org.el
Maxime Edouard Robert Froumentin: changed gnus-art.el mml.el
Memnon Anon: changed org.texi
Michael Albinus: wrote dbus.el secrets.el tramp-cmds.el tramp-compat.el
tramp-ftp.el tramp-gvfs.el tramp-gw.el tramp-smb.el xesam.el
zeroconf.el
and co-wrote tramp-cache.el tramp-sh.el tramp.el
and changed tramp.texi dbusbind.c trampver.texi ange-ftp.el trampver.el
dbus.texi tramp-fish.el files.el files.texi tramp-imap.el Makefile.in
notifications.el tramp-vc.el em-unix.el tramp-util.el tramp-uu.el
configure.ac simple.el auth-source.el dired-aux.el keyboard.c
and 82 other files
Michael Ben-Gershon: changed acorn.h configure.ac riscix1-1.h riscix1-2.h
unexec.c
Michael Brand: changed org.el org-agenda.el org-capture.el org.texi
ob-tangle.el org-feed.el org-id.el org-list.el org-table.el
Michael D. Ernst: wrote reposition.el
and changed dired-x.el uniquify.el ispell.el bibtex.el rmail.el dired.el
simple.el dired-aux.el gud.el rmailsum.el bytecomp.el compare-w.el
complete.el fill.el shadow.el texnfo-upd.el vc.el allout.el comint.el
cust-print.el edebug.el and 28 other files
Michael D. Prange: wrote fortran.el
and changed tex-mode.el
Michael Downes: changed gnus-sum.el
Michael Gauland: changed org-src.el
Michael Gschwind: wrote iso-cvt.el
Michael Harnois: changed nnimap.el
Michael Heerdegen: changed emacs-lisp/debug.el wdired.el
Michael Hotchin: changed progmodes/compile.el
Michael I. Bushnell: changed rmail.el simple.el callproc.c gnu.h gnus.el
lread.c process.c screen.el search.c sendmail.el startup.el timer.c
Michael K. Johnson: changed configure.ac emacs.c intel386.h linux.h
mem-limits.h process.c sysdep.c syssignal.h systty.h template.h
unexcoff.c
Michael Kifer: wrote ediff-diff.el ediff-help.el ediff-hook.el
ediff-init.el ediff-merg.el ediff-mult.el ediff-ptch.el ediff-util.el
ediff-vers.el ediff-wind.el ediff.el viper-cmd.el viper-ex.el
viper-init.el viper-keym.el viper-macs.el viper-mous.el viper-util.el
viper.el
and co-wrote cal-x.el
and changed viper*.el ediff*.el viper.texi ediff.texi ediff-hooks.el
ediff-merge.el menu-bar.el appt.el desktop.el ediff-meta.el
viper-mouse.el
Michael Markert: changed ob.el org-agenda.el org-ascii.el org-docbook.el
org-html.el org-latex.el org-table.el org.el
Michael McNamara: co-wrote verilog-mode.el
Michael Olson: changed erc.el erc-backend.el erc.texi erc-track.el
erc-log.el erc-stamp.el erc-autoaway.el erc-dcc.el erc-goodies.el
erc-list.el erc-compat.el erc-identd.el ERC-NEWS erc-bbdb.el
erc-match.el erc-notify.el erc-ibuffer.el erc-services.el remember.el
erc-button.el erc-nicklist.el and 60 other files
Michael Piotrowski: changed gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el ps-print.el
Michael R. Cook: changed gnus-sum.el gnus-topic.el gnus-art.el
Michael R. Mauger: changed sql.el emacsclient.c cua-base.el custom.el
facemenu.el recentf.el replace.el tramp.el w32fns.c
Michael R. Wolf: changed ange-ftp.el
Michael Schmidt: co-wrote modula2.el (public domain)
Michael Shields: changed spam.el gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el gnus-cite.el
Makefile.in gnus-group.el gnus.el intel386.h nndraft.el pgg-def.el
window.c window.el
Michael Sperber: changed aix3-1.h aix4-2.h gnus.texi mail-source.el
nnmail.el org-capture.el
Michael Staats: wrote pc-select.el
Michael Vehrs: changed woman.el
Michael Welsh Duggan: changed lisp.h nnimap.el sh-script.el w32term.c
buffer.c gnus-spec.el keyboard.c nnir.el nnmail.el print.c
sieve-manage.el termhooks.h url-http.el w32-win.el w32fns.c w32menu.c
w32term.h woman.el xdisp.c xterm.c
Michael Witten: changed TUTORIAL fixit.texi intro.texi
Michal Jankowski: changed insdel.c keyboard.c
Michal Nazarewicz: changed frame.c frame.h ispell.el mpc.el server.el
w32term.c xterm.c
Michal Sojka: changed org-icalendar.el
Michaël Cadilhac: changed browse-url.el gnus-sum.el gnus.texi ido.el
emacsbug.el files.el fill.el flyspell.el fr-drdref.tex fr-refcard.ps
fr-refcard.tex ispell.el meta-mode.el nnrss.el
refcards/fr-dired-ref.pdf Makefile anti.texi battery.el blackbox.el
bs.el calccard.pdf and 93 other files
Michelangelo Grigni: wrote ffap.el
and changed gnus-score.el
Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation: changed
emacsclient.c etags.c lisp.h movemail.c rmail.el rmailedit.el
rmailkwd.el rmailmsc.el rmailout.el rmailsum.el scribe.el server.el
sysdep.c unexcoff.c xmenu.c
Mikael Djurfeldt: changed xdisp.c
Mikael Fornius: changed org.el org-habit.el
Mike Haertel: changed 7300.h
Mike Kazantsev: changed erc-dcc.el
Mike Kupfer: changed mh-e.el mh-utils.el
Mike Lamb: changed em-unix.el esh-util.el pcmpl-unix.el
Mike Long: changed b2m.c make-dist make-mode.el netbsd.h view.el vms.h
Mike McEwan: changed gnus-agent.el gnus-sum.el gnus-score.el
Mike Newton: co-wrote bibtex.el
Mike Rowan: changed process.c alloc.c dispnew.c keyboard.c process.h
sysdep.c xdisp.c
Mike Sperber: changed org.el org-footnote.el
Mike Williams: wrote mouse-sel.el thingatpt.el
and changed sgml-mode.el xml-lite.el
Mike Woolley: changed gnus-sum.el
Mikio Nakajima: changed ring.el viper-util.el
Milan Zamazal: wrote glasses.el language/czech.el quail/czech.el
tildify.el
and co-wrote language/slovak.el prolog.el quail/slovak.el
and changed abbrev.el filecache.el files.el mm-view.el org.el
progmodes/compile.el
Miles Bader: wrote button.el face-remap.el image-file.el macroexp.el
mb-depth.el minibuf-eldef.el rfn-eshadow.el
and changed comint.el faces.el simple.el editfns.c xfaces.c xdisp.c
info.el minibuf.c display.texi wid-edit.el xterm.c Makefile.in
dispextern.h quick-install-emacs subr.el window.el cus-edit.el
diff-mode.el xfns.c bytecomp.el help.el and 270 other files
Milton Wulei: changed gdb-ui.el
Mirko Vukovic: changed emacs.texi maintaining.texi
Miyashita Hisashi: changed ccl.c coding.c coding.h mule-cmds.el
mule-conf.el mule.el pop3.el
Miyoshi Masanori: changed mouse.el smtpmail.el xdisp.c
Mohsen Banan: wrote persian.el
and changed loadup.el
Mon Key: changed animate.el imap.el syntax.el
Morten Welinder: wrote [many MS-DOS files] arc-mode.el desktop.el
dosfns.c internal.el msdos.h pc-win.el s-region.el
and changed msdos.c sed1.inp config.bat keyboard.c sed2.inp fileio.c
sed3.inp dos-fns.el callproc.c add-log.el alpha.h data.c editfns.c
emacs.c etags.c files.el info.el lread.c mainmake osf1.h tar-mode.el
and 73 other files
Mosur Mohan: changed etags.c
Motorola: changed buff-menu.el
Muchenxuan Tong: changed org-agenda.el org-timer.el
Murata Shuuichirou: changed coding.c
Myles English: changed org-clock.el
N. Raghavendra: changed timezone.el
Nachum Dershowitz: co-wrote cal-hebrew.el
Nagy Andras: co-wrote gnus-sieve.el
and changed imap.el gnus.el
Nakagawa Makoto: changed ldap.el
Nakaji Hiroyuki: changed mm-util.el amdx86-64.h configure.ac smiley.el
Nakamura Toshikazu: changed w32fns.c
Nali Toja: changed configure.ac
Naohiro Aota: changed fontset.c ftfont.c gnus-art.el mm-view.el tls.el
xftfont.c
Nathan J. Williams: changed imap.el
Nathan Weizenbaum: changed js.el progmodes/python.el
Nathaniel Flath: changed cc-menus.el cc-engine.el cc-fonts.el cc-langs.el
cc-mode.el cc-vars.el
Neal Ziring: co-wrote vi.el (public domain)
Neil Mager: wrote appt.el
Neil W. Van Dyke: wrote webjump.el
Nelson H. F. Beebe: changed configure.ac
Nelson Jose dos Santos Ferreira: changed nnsoup.el emacs.el gnus-art.el
gnus-dup.el gnus-win.el spam-stat.el
Nevin Kapur: changed nnmail.el gnus-sum.el nnimap.el gnus-group.el
gnus-registry.el gnus.el nnbabyl.el nnfolder.el nnmbox.el nnmh.el
nnml.el
Nguyen Thai Ngoc Duy: co-wrote vnvni.el
and changed vnvi.el
Niall Mansfield: changed etags.c
Nic Ferrier: changed tramp.el
Nicholas Maniscalco: changed term.el
Nick Alcock: changed gnus.el
Nick Dokos: changed org-exp.el icalendar.el mh-search.el org.el
url-cache.el
Nick Roberts: wrote gdb-mi.el t-mouse.el
and changed gdb-ui.el gud.el building.texi tooltip.el speedbar.el
bindings.el thumbs.el xt-mouse.el .gdbinit DEBUG cc-mode.el comint.el
keyboard.c subr.el frames.texi help-mode.el progmodes/compile.el
xdisp.c Makefile.in display.texi term.c and 154 other files
Nico Francois: changed w32fns.c w32inevt.c w32menu.c
Nicolas Avrutin: changed url-http.el
Nicolas Calderon Asselin: changed org-clock.el
Nicolas Goaziou: wrote org-element.el
and changed org-list.el org.el org-footnote.el org-exp.el org-latex.el
org-html.el org-inlinetask.el org-indent.el org-docbook.el org-timer.el
ob-asymptote.el ob.el org-agenda.el org-ascii.el org-capture.el
org.texi org-archive.el org-macs.el org-mouse.el org-table.el ob-exp.el
and 7 other files
Nicolas Richard: changed Makefile.in
Niels Giesen: changed icalendar.el org-agenda.el org-clock.el
org-docbook.el org-icalendar.el org-latex.el org-table.el
Niimi Satoshi: changed pp.el search.c
Niklas Morberg: changed nnweb.el gnus-art.el nnimap.el spam.el
Nikolaj Schumacher: changed flymake.el progmodes/compile.el eldoc.el
elp.el nsfont.m rx.el
Nil Geisweiller: changed flymake.el
Nils Ackermann: changed message.el nnmh.el
Noah Friedman: wrote eldoc.el rlogin.el type-break.el
and co-wrote erc-dcc.el
and changed rsz-mini.el comint.el emacs-buffer.gdb files.el Makefile
mailabbrev.el sendmail.el subr.el timer.el yow.el apropos.el battery.el
bytecomp.el calc.el coding.c complete.el config.in configure.ac
copyright.h fns.c gnu-linux.h and 19 other files
Noah Lavine: changed tramp.el
Nobuyoshi Nakada: co-wrote ruby-mode.el
Nobuyuki Hikichi: changed news-risc.h
Noel Cragg: changed mh-junk.el
Noorul Islam: changed org-latex.el org-html.el org.el org.texi
org-capture.el org-gnus.el org-habit.el package.el
Norbert Koch: changed gnus-msg.el gnus-score.el
Nozomu Ando: changed unexmacosx.c alloc.c buffer.c mips.h pmax.h
smtpmail.el sysselect.h unexelf.c
Nuutti Kotivuori: changed gnus-sum.el flow-fill.el gnus-cache.el
Odd Gripenstam: wrote dcl-mode.el
Ognyan Kulev: changed TUTORIAL.bg quail/cyrillic.el
Okazaki Tetsurou: changed cc-fonts.el vc-svn.el
Olaf Sylvester: wrote bs.el
Ole Aamot: changed compile.el
Oleg S. Tihonov: changed ispell.el language/cyrillic.el map-ynp.el
quail/cyrillic.el subr.el
Oleksandr Gavenko: changed generic-x.el progmodes/grep.el
Olin Shivers: wrote cmuscheme.el inf-lisp.el
and co-wrote comint.el shell.el
Olive Lin: changed tex-mode.el
Oliver Scholz: wrote ipa-praat.el
and changed gamegrid.el gnus-cite.el nonascii.texi rx.el startup.el
update-game-score.c
Oliver Seidel: wrote todo-mode.el
Olivier Laurens: changed forms.el
Olivier Lecarme: changed make-mode.el ange-ftp.el apropos.el bibtex.el
facemenu.el forms.el hscroll.el indent.el nroff-mode.el paragraphs.el
progmodes/cpp.el server.el sort.el
Olli Savia: changed etags.c syssignal.h
Olof Ohlsson Sax: changed vc-svn.el
Osamu Yamane: changed smtpmail.el
Oscar Figueiredo: wrote eudc-bob.el eudc-export.el eudc-hotlist.el
eudc-vars.el eudc.el eudcb-bbdb.el eudcb-ldap.el eudcb-ph.el ldap.el
and changed ph.el
P. E. Jareth Hein: changed gnus-util.el
Pascal Dupuis: changed octave-inf.el
Pascal Rigaux: changed image.c rfc2231.el
Pat Thoyts: changed xfns.c
Patric Mueller: changed gnus-sum.el
Patrick Mahan: changed macfns.c
Paul Curry: changed cc-subword.el
Paul D. Smith: wrote snmp-mode.el
and changed imenu.el make-mode.el
Paul Eggert: wrote rcs2log
and co-wrote cal-dst.el
and changed lisp.h Makefile.in alloc.c configure.ac editfns.c sysdep.c
xdisp.c process.c keyboard.c fileio.c image.c emacs.c xterm.c data.c
dispextern.h fns.c lread.c eval.c buffer.c xfns.c xfaces.c
and 713 other files
Paul Fisher: changed fns.c
Paul Franklin: changed nnmail.el message.el
Paul Hilfinger: changed fill.el
Paul Jarc: wrote nnmaildir.el (public domain) nnnil.el (public domain)
and changed message.el gnus-util.el gnus-int.el gnus.el gnus-agent.el
gnus-start.el gnus-sum.el nnmail.el
Paul Pogonyshev: changed progmodes/python.el subr.el which-func.el
Makefile.in align.el byte-opt.el configure.ac dabbrev.el display.texi
eldoc.el etags.el image-file.el image.c image.el info.el replace.el
search.texi searching.texi ses.el tar-mode.el url-http.el window.el
Paul Reilly: changed dgux.h lwlib-Xm.c lwlib.c xlwmenu.c configure.ac
mail-utils.el process.c rmail.el xfns.c Makefile.in dgux5-4R2.h
dgux5-4R3.h files.el keyboard.c lwlib-Xaw.c lwlib-Xm.h lwlib-int.h
lwlib.h mail/rmailmm.el rmailedit.el rmailkwd.el and 10 other files
Paul Rivier: changed ada-mode.el mixal-mode.el reftex-vars.el reftex.el
Paul Rubin: changed config.h sun2.h texinfmt.el window.c
Paul Sexton: wrote org-ctags.el
Paul Stevenson: changed nnvirtual.el
Paul Stodghill: changed gnus-agent.el gnus-util.el
Pavel Janík: changed keyboard.c xterm.c COPYING xdisp.c Makefile.in
process.c emacs.c lisp.h menu-bar.el ldap.el make-dist xfns.c buffer.c
coding.c eval.c fileio.c flyspell.el fns.c indent.c callint.c
cus-start.el and 710 other files
Pavel Kobiakov: wrote flymake.el
and changed flymake.texi
Peder O. Klingenberg: changed gnus.texi
Per Abrahamsen: wrote cus-dep.el cus-edit.el cus-face.el cus-start.el
custom.el double.el gnus-cite.el gnus-cus.el progmodes/cpp.el
wid-browse.el wid-edit.el widget.el xt-mouse.el
and co-wrote gnus-score.el
and changed message.el menu-bar.el gnus.el gnus-art.el gnus-msg.el
gnus-group.el gnus-sum.el frame.el gnus-draft.el tool-bar.el
widget.texi apropos.el easymenu.el facemenu.el faces.el gnus-srvr.el
gnus-uu.el ispell.el lisp-mode.el makefile.el mouse.el
and 30 other files
Per Bothner: wrote term.el
and changed iso-acc.el process.c sysdep.c
Per Cederqvist: co-wrote avl-tree.el ewoc.el
and changed vc.el vc-hooks.el diff-mode.el etags.c etags.el forms.el
hexl.el
Per Persson: wrote gnus-vm.el
and co-wrote erc-dcc.el
Per Starbäck: changed ispell.el dired.el gnus-start.el BUGS apropos.el
bytecomp.el characters.el charset.h coding.c doctor.el emacs.c
european.el iso-transl.el pcmpl-gnu.el replace.el startup.el
trouble.texi vc.el xdisp.c
Pete Beardmore: changed idle.el semantic/complete.el
Pete Kazmier: changed gnus-art.el
Pete Ware: changed message.el
Peter Breton: wrote dirtrack.el emacs-lisp/generic.el filecache.el
find-lisp.el generic-x.el locate.el net-utils.el
and changed generic.el
Peter Danenberg: changed scheme.el
Peter Doornbosch: changed vc-svn.el
Peter Dyballa: changed calendar.el
Peter Heslin: changed flyspell.el outline.el
Peter J. Weisberg: changed help.el picture.el simple.el
Peter Jolly: changed arc-mode.el ftfont.c
Peter Jones: changed nsterm.m
Peter Kleiweg: wrote ps-mode.el
Peter Liljenberg: wrote elint.el
Peter Munster: changed gnus-demon.el gnus-group.el gnus-start.el
Peter Münster: changed gnus.texi org-agenda.el org.el
Peter O'Gorman: changed configure.ac frame.h hpux10-20.h termhooks.h
Peter Oliver: changed perl-mode.el server.el
Peter Povinec: changed term.el
Peter Runestig: changed makefile.w32-in configure.bat dos-w32.el emacs.rc
envadd.bat gmake.defs multi-install-info.bat nmake.defs w32fns.c
zone-mode.el
Peter S. Galbraith: wrote mh-alias.el mh-identity.el mh-inc.el
mh-limit.el
and changed mh-comp.el mh-e.el mh-utils.el mh-mime.el mh-customize.el
mh-seq.el mh-init.el mh-search.el mh-xemacs-compat.el
mh-xemacs-toolbar.el info-look.el mh-compat.el mh-funcs.el alias.pbm
alias.xpm cabinet.xpm goto-addr.el highlight.xpm mh-junk.el
mh-xemacs-icons.el mh-xemacs.el and 9 other files
Peter Seibel: changed cl-indent.el lisp-mode.el
Peter Stephenson: wrote vcursor.el
Peter Tury: changed org.texi
Peter Whaite: changed data.c
Peter von der Ahe: changed gnus-ems.el
Petr Salinger: changed configure.ac gnu-kfreebsd.h
Petri Kaurinkoski: changed configure.ac iris4d.h irix6-0.h irix6-5.h
usg5-4.h
Phil Hagelberg: wrote ert-x-tests.el
and changed package.el pcmpl-unix.el subr.el
Phil Sainty: changed subword.el
Phil Sung: changed follow.el progmodes/python.el wdired.el
Philip Jackson: wrote find-cmd.el org-irc.el
Philipp Haselwarter: changed gnus-agent.el gnus-sum.el gnus.texi
newcomment.el
Philippe Schnoebelen: wrote gomoku.el mpuz.el
Philippe Waroquiers: changed etags.el term.c
Pierre Poissinger: changed charset.c
Piet van Oostrum: changed data.c fileio.c flyspell.el smtpmail.el
Pieter E.J. Pareit: wrote mixal-mode.el
Pieter Praet: changed org-crypt.el
Pieter Schoenmakers: changed TUTORIAL.nl
Pinku Surana: changed sql.el
Piotr Zielinski: wrote org-mouse.el
Prestoo Ten: changed screen.el
Primoz Peterlin: changed TUTORIAL.sl
Puneeth Chaganti: changed org.texi org-exp.el org-agenda.el
org-capture.el org-html.el
R. Bernstein: changed gud.el
Rafael Laboissiere: changed org-remember.el org-bibtex.el org.el org.texi
Rafael Sepúlveda: changed TUTORIAL.es
Raffael Mancini: changed misc.el
Rainer Orth: changed Makefile.in gtkutil.c
Rainer Schoepf: wrote alpha.h unexalpha.c
and changed osf1.h alloc.c buffer.c callint.c data.c dispextern.h doc.c
editfns.c floatfns.c frame.h lisp.h lread.c marker.c mem-limits.h
print.c puresize.h window.h xdisp.c xterm.h
Raja R. Harinath: changed gnus-salt.el nnml.el
Rajappa Iyer: changed gnus-salt.el
Rajesh Vaidheeswarran: wrote old-whitespace.el
and changed whitespace.el ffap.el
Ralf Angeli: wrote scroll-lock.el
and changed w32fns.c reftex-cite.el gnus-art.el reftex-toc.el reftex.el
reftex-auc.el reftex-dcr.el reftex-global.el reftex-index.el
reftex-parse.el reftex-ref.el reftex-sel.el reftex-vars.el reftex.texi
tex-mode.el comint.el flow-fill.el frame.el killing.texi mm-uu.el
mm-view.el and 6 other files
Ralf Fassel: changed dabbrev.el files.el fill.el iso-acc.el tar-mode.el
Ralf Mattes: changed el.srt
Ralph Schleicher: wrote battery.el info-look.el
and changed libc.el browse-url.el fileio.c info.el mm-decode.el
nnultimate.el perl-mode.el which-func.el
Ramakrishnan M: changed mlm-util.el
Randal Schwartz: wrote pp.el
Randall Smith: changed dired.el
Ransom Williams: changed files.el
Raul Acevedo: changed info.el options.el
Ray Blaak: co-wrote delphi.el
Raymond Scholz: co-wrote deuglify.el
and changed gnus-art.el gnus-msg.el gnus.texi message.el nnmail.el
pgg-gpg.el
Reiner Steib: wrote gmm-utils.el gnus-news.el
and changed message.el gnus.texi gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el gnus-group.el
gnus.el mml.el gnus-faq.texi mm-util.el gnus-score.el message.texi
gnus-msg.el gnus-start.el gnus-util.el spam-report.el mm-uu.el spam.el
mm-decode.el files.el gnus-agent.el nnmail.el and 182 other files
Remek Trzaska: changed gnus-ems.el
Remi Letot: changed nnmaildir.el
Renaud Rioboo: changed nnmail.el
René Kyllingstad: changed editfns.c mule-cmds.el pcomplete.el
Reto Zimmermann: wrote vera-mode.el
and co-wrote vhdl-mode.el
Reuben Thomas: changed files.el flymake.el indent.c loading.texi
pcvs-defs.el rect.el simple.el
Riccardo Murri: changed vc-bzr.el tls.el
Richard Dawe: changed Makefile.in config.in
Richard G. Bielawski: changed modes.texi paren.el
Richard Hoskins: changed message.el
Richard Kim: wrote wisent/python.el
and changed bovine.texi db-global.el loading.texi python-wy.el
texnfo-upd.el wisent.texi
Richard King: wrote filelock.c uniquify.el userlock.el
Richard L. Pieri: wrote pop3.el
Richard Lawrence: changed org-latex.el
Richard Levitte: changed vc-mtn.el
Richard M. Heiberger: changed tex-mode.el
Richard M. Stallman: wrote [The original GNU Emacs and numerous files]
easymenu.el image-mode.el menu-bar.el paren.el
and co-wrote cc-align.el cc-cmds.el cc-defs.el cc-engine.el cc-langs.el
cc-menus.el cc-mode.el cc-styles.el cc-vars.el font-lock.el
and changed files.el keyboard.c simple.el xterm.c xdisp.c rmail.el
Makefile.in fileio.c process.c sysdep.c buffer.c xfns.c window.c
configure.ac subr.el startup.el sendmail.el emacs.c editfns.c info.el
dispnew.c and 1350 other files
Richard Mlynarik: wrote cl-indent.el ebuff-menu.el ehelp.el rfc822.el
terminal.el yow.el
and changed files.el simple.el rmail.el info.el sysdep.c bytecomp.el
startup.el keyboard.c fileio.c process.c sendmail.el window.c editfns.c
unexec.c xfns.c keymap.c lisp-mode.el minibuf.c buffer.c dired.el
dispnew.c and 140 other files
Richard Sharman: wrote hilit-chg.el
and changed sh-script.el ediff-init.el regexp-opt.el simple.el
Rick Farnbach: wrote morse.el
Rick Frankel: changed ob-sql.el
Rick Sladkey: wrote backquote.el
and changed gud.el intervals.c intervals.h simple.el
Rob Browning: changed configure.ac
Rob Christie: changed nsmenu.m
Rob Giardina: changed org-agenda.el
Rob Kaut: changed vhdl-mode.el
Rob Riepel: wrote tpu-edt.el tpu-extras.el tpu-mapper.el vt-control.el
and changed tpu-doc.el
Robert Bihlmeyer: changed gnus-score.el gnus-util.el message.el
Robert Brown: changed lisp-mode.el
Robert Fenk: changed desktop.el
Robert J. Chassell: wrote makeinfo.el page-ext.el texinfo.el
texnfo-upd.el
and changed texinfmt.el emacs-lisp-intro.texi emacs.tex texinfo.tex
info.el texinfo-update.el INSTALL case-table.el cl.texinfo help-fns.el
help-mode.el history.el informat.el latin-1.el latin-2.el latin-3.el
latin-4.el page.el tex-mode.el texinfo.texinfo vip.texinfo
Robert Jarzmik: changed ede/linux.el inversion.el
Robert Marshall: changed mule-cmds.el
Robert P. Goldman: changed org.texi ob-exp.el org-latex.el org.el
Robert Pluim: changed gnus-demon.el org-agenda.el
Robert Thorpe: changed cus-start.el indent.el
Roberto Huelga: changed org-clock.el
Roberto Rodríguez: changed ada-mode.texi glossary.texi widget.texi
Roderick Schertler: changed dgux.h dgux4.h gud.el sysdep.c
Rodney J. Whitby: co-wrote vhdl-mode.el
Rodrigo Real: changed pt-br-refcard.tex pt-br-refcard.ps
Roger Breitenstein: changed smtpmail.el
Roland B. Roberts: changed buffer.h callproc.c dired.c files.el
gnus-group.el gnus-sum.el process.c sort.el sysdep.c systty.h
Roland Kaufmann: changed org-exp.el
Roland McGrath: wrote autoload.el etags.el map-ynp.el progmodes/grep.el
and co-wrote find-dired.el progmodes/compile.el
and changed compile.el add-log.el configure.ac files.el Makefile.in vc.el
simple.el mailabbrev.el comint.el buffer.c upd-copyr.el etags.c
menu-bar.el mem-limits.h ralloc.c fileio.c data.c process.c rlogin.el
rmail.el shell.el and 137 other files
Roland Winkler: wrote proced.el
and changed bibtex.el process.c appt.el artist.el conf-mode.el
diary-lib.el flyspell.el hideshow.el ibuf-ext.el ibuffer.el ispell.el
make-mode.el sgml-mode.el sh-script.el skeleton.el smtpmail.el
Rolf Ebert: co-wrote ada-mode.el ada-stmt.el ada-xref.el
and changed files.el find-file.el
Romain Francoise: changed faq.texi message.el Makefile.in make-dist
gnus.texi dired-x.el comint.el ibuf-ext.el subr.el gnus-sum.el
gnus-uu.el progmodes/compile.el puresize.h replace.el startup.el
configure.ac doclicense.texi emacs.c files.texi gnus-fun.el help-fns.el
and 146 other files
Roman Belenov: changed which-func.el
Ron Schnell: wrote dunnet.el
Ronan Waide: changed smtpmail.el
Ross Patterson: co-wrote org-protocol.el
Roy Liu: changed ns-win.el
Rui-Tao Dong: changed nnweb.el
Rune Kleveland: changed xfns.c
Rupert Swarbrick: changed cal-html.el gnus-score.el
Russ Allbery: changed message.el
Ryan Barrett: changed dirtrack.el
Ryan C. Thompson: changed savehist.el
Ryan Twitchell: changed ido.el
Ryan Yeske: wrote rcirc.el
and changed ffap.el ispell.el message.texi rmailsum.el simple.el
testcover.el webjump.el
Ryo Yoshitake: changed xterm.c frame.c frame.h mac.c macfns.c w32fns.c
xfns.c
Ryszard Kubiak: co-wrote ogonek.el
Rémi Vanicat: changed org-icalendar.el
Rüdiger Sonderfeld: changed calc-lang.el vhdl-mode.el
Sacha Chua: wrote erc-pcomplete.el
and changed erc.el erc-button.el
Saito Takuya: changed mule.el progmodes/compile.el
Sam Dooley: changed keyboard.c
Sam Falkner: changed nntp.el
Sam Kendall: changed etags.c etags.el
Sam Steingold: wrote gulp.el midnight.el
and changed progmodes/compile.el cl-indent.el vc-cvs.el vc.el mouse.el
simple.el font-lock.el vc-hg.el ange-ftp.el files.el tex-mode.el
window.el add-log.el bindings.el bookmark.el bug-reference.el
calendar.el diary-lib.el dired.el etags.el pcvs.el and 141 other files
Samuel Bronson: changed custom.el emacsclient.c
Samuel Tardieu: changed smime.el
Samuel Thibault: changed gnu.h sysdep.c term.c
Sanghyuk Suh: changed mac-win.el macterm.c
Sascha Lüdecke: co-wrote mml1991.el
and changed gnus-win.el
Sascha Wilde: changed pgg-gpg.el pgg.texi pgg.el bubbles.el configure.ac
ede/srecode.el proj-shared.el vc-hg.el
Satyaki Das: wrote mh-acros.el mh-gnus.el mh-search.el mh-speed.el
mh-thread.el mh-tool-bar.el
and co-wrote mh-junk.el
and changed mh-e.el mh-utils.el mh-seq.el mh-comp.el mh-mime.el
mh-customize.el mh-funcs.el mh-alias.el mh-unit.el mh-init.el
mh-identity.el mh-make.el mh-xemacs-toolbar.el mh-xemacs-compat.el
pgg-gpg.el mh-inc.el highlight.xpm mh-func.el mh-logo.xpm mh-print.el
mh-xemacs.el simple.el
Schlumberger Technology Corporation: changed gud.el
Scott A Crosby: changed gnus-logic.el
Scott Bender: co-wrote ns-win.el
Scott Byer: co-wrote nnfolder.el
and changed gnus-sum.el
Scott Draves: wrote tq.el
Scott Evans: changed rect.el
Scott Frazer: wrote deeper-blue-theme.el whiteboard-theme.el
Scott M. Meyers: changed cmacexp.el
Sean Neakums: changed gnus-msg.el gnus-uu.el supercite.el
Sean O'Halpin: changed ob.el
Sean O'Rourke: changed complete.el comint.el dabbrev.el find-func.el
ibuf-ext.el pcomplete.el register.el tramp.el
Sean Sieger: changed emacs-lisp-intro.texi
Sebastian Freundt: changed nnmaildir.el
Sebastian Hermida: wrote misterioso-theme.el
Sebastian Kremer: wrote dired-aux.el dired.el ls-lisp.el
and co-wrote dired-x.el find-dired.el
and changed add-log.el
Sebastian Rose: co-wrote org-protocol.el
and changed org-publish.el ftfont.c org-jsinfo.el
Sebastian Tennant: changed desktop.el
Sebastien Kirche: changed mail-extr.el
Seiji Zenitani: changed nsfns.m frame.c xterm.c PkgInfo document.icns
find-func.el frame.h help-fns.el macfns.c nsfont.m nsterm.m w32fns.c
xdisp.c xfns.c
Sen Nagata: wrote crm.el rfc2368.el
Seokchan Lee: changed message.el
Seppo Sade: changed esh-ext.el
Sergei Organov: changed vc.el
Sergey Litvinov: co-wrote ob-fortran.el
Sergey Poznyakoff: changed mh-mime.el rmail.el rmail.texi smtpmail.el
Sergio Durigan Junior: changed eudcb-bbdb.el
Sergio Pokrovskij: changed TUTORIAL.eo
Seweryn Kokot: changed positions.texi searching.texi
Shaun Johnson: changed ob-tangle.el org-exp-blocks.el
Shawn Boles: changed url-cookie.el
Shawn M. Carey: wrote freebsd.h
Shenghuo Zhu: wrote binhex.el mm-extern.el mm-partial.el mm-url.el
mm-uu.el mml2015.el nnrss.el rfc1843.el uudecode.el
and co-wrote gnus-dired.el nnfolder.el
and changed gnus-art.el message.el gnus-sum.el gnus-msg.el gnus.el
gnus-agent.el mm-decode.el mm-util.el gnus-group.el mml.el
gnus-start.el gnus-util.el mm-view.el nnslashdot.el nnmail.el nntp.el
gnus-topic.el gnus-xmas.el rfc2047.el mail-source.el gnus-win.el
and 97 other files
Shigeru Fukaya: wrote bytecomp-tests.el
and changed byte-opt.el bytecomp-testsuite.el bytecomp.el elint.el
rx-new.el ses.el texinfmt.el
Shinichirou Sugou: changed etags.c
Sho Nakatani: changed doc-view.el
Shoji Nishimura: changed org.el
Shuhei Kobayashi: wrote hex-util.el hmac-def.el hmac-md5.el
and changed gnus-group.el message.el nnmail.el
Shun-Ichi Goto: changed url-http.el
Shyam Karanatt: changed image-mode.el
Sidney Markowitz: changed doctor.el nsmenu.m
Sigbjorn Finne: changed gnus-srvr.el
Simon Josefsson: wrote dig.el dns-mode.el flow-fill.el fringe.el imap.el
mml-sec.el mml-smime.el password-cache.el rfc2104.el sieve-manage.el
sieve-mode.el sieve.el smime.el starttls.el tls.el url-imap.el
and co-wrote gnus-sieve.el gssapi.el mml1991.el nnfolder.el nnimap.el
nnml.el
and changed message.el gnus-sum.el gnus-art.el smtpmail.el pgg-gpg.el
pgg.el gnus-agent.el mml2015.el mml.el gnus-group.el mm-decode.el
gnus-msg.el gnus.texi pgg-pgp5.el browse-url.el gnus-int.el gnus.el
hashcash.el mm-view.el password.el gnus-cache.el and 99 other files
Simon Law: changed delsel.el electric.el
Simon Leinen: changed Makefile.in smtpmail.el Makefile cm.c cm.h hpux9.h
indent.c process.c sc.texinfo sgml-mode.el term.c vc.el xfns.c xmenu.c
xterm.c
Simon Marshall: wrote fast-lock.el lazy-lock.el regexp-opt.el
and co-wrote comint.el shell.el
and changed font-lock.el rmail.el fortran.el sendmail.el subr.el dired.el
sh-script.el texinfo.el add-log.el compile.el outline.el help.el
menu-bar.el perl-mode.el ps-print.el rmailsum.el bytecomp.el
cc-fonts.el data.c faces.el lisp-mode.el and 56 other files
Simon South: co-wrote delphi.el
Simon Thum: changed ob-maxima.el
Skip Collins: changed w32fns.c w32term.c w32term.h
Slawomir Nowaczyk: changed emacs.py progmodes/python.el TUTORIAL.pl
flyspell.el ls-lisp.el w32proc.c
Spencer Thomas: changed dabbrev.el emacsclient.c gnus.texi server.el
unexcoff.c
Sriram Karra: changed message.el
Stanislav Shalunov: wrote uce.el
Stefan Bruda: co-wrote prolog.el
Stefan Guath: changed find-dired.el
Stefan Merten: co-wrote rst.el
Stefan Monnier: wrote bibtex-style.el bzrmerge.el cl.el css-mode.el
cvs-status.el diff-mode.el gv.el lexbind-tests.el log-edit.el
log-view.el minibuffer.el mpc.el pcase.el pcvs-defs.el pcvs-info.el
pcvs-parse.el pcvs-util.el reveal.el smerge-mode.el smie.el vc-mtn.el
and co-wrote font-lock.el
and changed subr.el simple.el vc.el lisp.h files.el keyboard.c
bytecomp.el alloc.c Makefile.in progmodes/compile.el xdisp.c keymap.c
pcvs.el newcomment.el tex-mode.el eval.c vc-hooks.el cl-macs.el
sh-script.el buffer.c fileio.c and 1092 other files
Stefan Reichör: changed gnus-agent.el
Stefan Schimanski: changed nnmail.el
Stefan Schoef: co-wrote bibtex.el
Stefan Waldherr: changed nnweb.el
Stefan Wiens: changed gnus-sum.el
Stefano Facchini: changed gtkutil.c
Steinar Bang: changed imap.el
Stephan Stahl: changed which-func.el buff-menu.el buffer.c dired-x.texi
ediff-mult.el
Stephen A. Wood: changed fortran.el
Stephen Berman: changed diary-lib.el todo-mode.el allout.el dframe.el
dired-aux.el dired.el files.el find-dired.el frame.c gnus-group.el
gomoku.el gtkutil.c info.el minibuffer.el newcomment.el page.el
proced.el recentf.el rfc822.el subr.el
Stephen C. Gilardi: changed configure.ac
Stephen Compall: changed saveplace.el texinfo.el
Stephen Eglen: wrote iswitchb.el mspools.el
and changed diary-lib.el locate.el octave-inf.el org-agenda.el replace.el
hexl.el info-look.el sendmail.el spell.el uce.el MORE.STUFF add-log.el
advice.el allout.el autoinsert.el avoid.el backquote.el battery.el
bib-mode.el bruce.el c-mode.el and 80 other files
Stephen Gildea: wrote refcard.tex
and co-wrote mh-funcs.el mh-search.el
and changed time-stamp.el mh-e.el mh-comp.el mh-utils.el mh-customize.el
mh-junk.el fileio.c files.el fortran.el mh-e.texi mh-mime.el mwheel.el
tex-mode.el
Stephen J. Turnbull: changed ediff-init.el strings.texi subr.el
Stephen Leake: changed ada-mode.el ada-xref.el ada-mode.texi ada-prj.el
ada-stmt.el align.el pcvs-parse.el vhdl-mode.el
Stephen Peters: changed icalendar.el
Steve Chapel: changed refcard.tex
Steve Fisk: co-wrote cal-tex.el
Steve Grubb: changed vcdiff
Steve Nygard: changed unexnext.c
Steve Purcell: changed nnimap.el
Steve Strassmann: wrote spook.el
Steve Youngs: changed mh-utils.el mh-xemacs-compat.el mh-customize.el
mh-e.el mh-comp.el mh-mime.el dns.el gnus-art.el browse-url.el
gnus-sum.el gnus-xmas.el mh-search.el mh-seq.el password.el
run-at-time.el em-unix.el gmm-utils.el gnus-cite.el gnus-demon.el
gnus-ems.el gnus-msg.el and 16 other files
Steven E. Harris: changed nnheader.el
Steven Huwig: changed emacs.py progmodes/python.el
Steven L. Baur: wrote footnote.el gnus-setup.el
and changed gnus-xmas.el gnus-msg.el add-log.el edebug.el gnus-ems.el
gnus-start.el gnus-topic.el message.el nnbabyl.el nntp.el webjump.el
Steven Suhr: changed dispnew.c scroll.c term.c termchar.h
Steven Tamm: changed macterm.c mac.c macfns.c configure.ac mac-win.el
unexmacosx.c Makefile.in darwin.h editfns.c lread.c macmenu.c
scroll-bar.el config.h config.in dispnew.c eval.c fileio.c fns.c
generic-x.el image.c process.c and 3 other files
Stewart M. Clamen: co-wrote cal-mayan.el cc-align.el cc-cmds.el
cc-defs.el cc-engine.el cc-langs.el cc-menus.el cc-mode.el cc-styles.el
cc-vars.el
Stig Sandbeck Mathisen: changed gnus-sum.el
Stuart D. Herring: changed desktop.el files.el isearch.el align.el
allout.el comint.el edebug.el find-lisp.el keymap.c minibuf.c sregex.el
timeclock.el widget.texi
Stuart Hickinbottom: changed org-clock.el
Sudish Joseph: changed mac-win.el
Suhail Shergill: changed org-html.el
Sun Microsystems, Inc: wrote emacs.icon sun.el
and changed emacsclient.c server.el
Sun Yijiang: changed TUTORIAL.cn
Sundar Narasimhan: changed rnews.el
Suvayu Ali: changed org.texi org-exp.el org-inlinetask.el org-src.el
Sven Joachim: changed files.el de-refcard.tex dired-aux.el emacs.1
arc-mode.el dired-x.el em-cmpl.el em-hist.el em-ls.el esh-cmd.el
esh-ext.el esh-io.el files.texi gnus-news.texi gnus-sum.el gnus.texi
help.el make-dist message.el movemail.c mule.texi and 8 other files
Svend Tollak Munkejord: changed deuglify.el
Syver Enstad: changed gud.el
Sébastien Delafond: changed org.el
Sébastien Gross: changed hideshow.el
Sébastien Vauban: changed org.el org-agenda.el org-html.el org-latex.el
T.F. Torrey: changed org-exp.el org-rmail.el
T.V. Raman: changed completion.el files.el json.el mairix.el mspools.el
xml.c
Taichi Kawabata: wrote quail/indian.el ucs-normalize.el
and changed devanagari.el ind-util.el Makefile.in devan-util.el
language/indian.el characters.el fontset.el malayalam.el mlm-util.el
mule-conf.el tamil.el tml-util.el
Takaaki Ota: wrote textmodes/table.el
and changed appt.el dired.c etags.c ldap.el makefile.w32-in
progmodes/compile.el recentf.el replace.el subr.el w32bdf.c
Takafumi Arakaki: changed which-func.el
Takahashi Kaoru: changed texinfmt.el
Takahashi Naoto: wrote ethio-util.el language/ethiopic.el latin-post.el
quail/cyrillic.el quail/ethiopic.el robin.el
and co-wrote latin-ltx.el quail.el
and changed fontset.el mule-conf.el
Takai Kousuke: changed ccl.el compface.el
Takeshi Yamada: changed fns.c
Taro Kawagishi: wrote md4.el ntlm.el sasl-ntlm.el
and changed arc-mode.el
Tassilo Horn: wrote doc-view.el
and co-wrote org-gnus.el
and changed subword.el image-mode.el Makefile.in cc-cmds.el emacsbug.el
gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el gnus.texi nnimap.el files.el info.el misc.texi
org-footnote.el org.el reftex-ref.el reftex-vars.el reftex.el
saveplace.el simple.el tsdh-dark-theme.el tsdh-light-theme.el
and 28 other files
Tatsuya Ichikawa: changed gnus-agent.el gnus-cache.el
Ted Lemon: changed emacs.c lastfile.c puresize.h
Ted Phelps: changed mh-search.el mh-tool-bar.el
Teemu Likonen: changed dired.el erc-backend.el gnus-agent.el message.el
Teodor Zlatanov: wrote auth-source.el gnus-registry.el gnus-sync.el
gnus-tests.el gnutls.el registry.el spam-report.el url-future-tests.el
url-future.el url-util-tests.el
and changed spam.el gnus.el nnimap.el gnus.texi gnus-sum.el auth.texi
gnus-util.el gnutls.c netrc.el gnus-start.el Makefile.in message.el
spam-stat.el encrypt.el nnir.el nnmail.el gnutls.h imap.el
mail-source.el nnmairix.el nntp.el and 101 other files
Terje Rosten: changed xfns.c version.el xterm.c xterm.h
Terrence Brannon: wrote landmark.el
Terry Jones: wrote shadow.el
Tetsuo Tsukamoto: changed nnrss.el
Tetsurou Okazaki: changed Makefile.in byte-opt.el log-edit.el lread.c
xterm.c
Thamer Mahmoud: changed arabic.el
Theodore Jump: changed makefile.nt makefile.def w32-win.el w32faces.c
Thien-Thi Nguyen: co-wrote hideshow.el
and changed ewoc.el vc.el info.el zone.el processes.texi Makefile.in
lisp-mode.el text.texi vc-rcs.el display.texi fileio.c files.el
scheme.el vc-git.el MORE.STUFF TUTORIAL.it bindat.el cc-vars.el
configure.ac dcl-mode.el diff-mode.el and 158 other files
Thierry Emery: changed kinsoku.el timezone.el url-http.el wid-edit.el
Thierry Volpiatto: changed bookmark.el files.el dired-aux.el
eshell/eshell.el gnus-sum.el files.texi image-mode.el info.el man.el
tramp.el woman.el avoid.el dired.el doc-view.el find-func.el
gnus-art.el gnus-msg.el image-dired.el vc-rcs.el
Thomas Bach: changed wisent/python.el
Thomas Baumann: wrote org-mhe.el
and co-wrote org-bbdb.el
Thomas Bellman: co-wrote avl-tree.el
Thomas Deweese: changed x-win.el
Thomas Dorner: changed ange-ftp.el
Thomas Dye: changed org.texi org-bibtex.el ob-R.el org.el
Thomas Horsley: changed cxux-crt0.s cxux.h cxux7.h emacs.c nh3000.h
nh4000.h simple.el sysdep.c xterm.c
Thomas Hühn: changed tutorial.el
Thomas Link: wrote filesets.el
Thomas Morgan: changed org-habit.el forms.el select.el
Thomas Neumann: co-wrote make-mode.el
and changed makefile.el
Thomas Steffen: co-wrote deuglify.el
Thomas W Murphy: changed outline.el
Thomas Wurgler: wrote old-emacs-lock.el
and changed emacs-lock.el subr.el
Thor Kristoffersen: changed nntp.el
Thorsten Jolitz: co-wrote ob-picolisp.el
Thorsten Ohl: changed lread.c next.h
Tiago Saboga: changed files.el
Tibor Šimko: co-wrote language/slovak.el quail/slovak.el
Tijs van Bakel: changed erc.el
Tim Burt: changed org-datetree.el
Tim Cross: changed keymaps.texi
Tim Harper: changed ns-win.el
Tim Howe: changed org-clock.el
Tim Landscheidt: changed gnus.texi icalendar.el sort.el ws-mode.el
Tim Van Holder: changed emacsclient.c Makefile.in configure.ac
progmodes/compile.el which-func.el
Timo Juhani Lindfors: changed gnus-msg.el
Timo Savola: changed emacs.c gtkutil.c startup.el x-win.el xfns.c xterm.c
xterm.h
Tobias C. Rittweiler: changed font-lock.el searching.texi sendmail.el
Tobias Ringström: changed etags.c
Toby Allsopp: changed ldap.el eudc.el
Toby Cubitt: co-wrote avl-tree.el
and changed org-capture.el org-agenda.el org.el org.texi
Toby Speight: changed generic-x.el window.el
Toke Høiland-Jørgensen: changed nnmaildir.el smime.el
Tokuya Kameshima: wrote org-mew.el
and co-wrote org-wl.el
and changed org-agenda.el
Tom Breton: changed autoinsert.el cus-edit.el gnus-agent.el lread.c
Tom Hageman: changed etags.c
Tom Houlder: wrote mantemp.el
Tom Perrine: co-wrote modula2.el (public domain)
Tom Rauchenwald: changed spam.el
Tom Tromey: wrote bug-reference.el erc-list.el package-x.el package.el
and co-wrote tcl.el
and changed buffer.c lisp.h makefile.el window.c keyboard.c keymap.c
xfns.c buffer.h bytecode.c callint.c callproc.c cmds.c composite.c
configure.ac dispextern.h doc.c editfns.c fileio.c frame.c insdel.c
intervals.h and 134 other files
Tomas Abrahamsson: wrote artist.el
Tommi Vainikainen: changed gnus-sum.el message.el mml-sec.el
Tomohiko Morioka: co-wrote mm-bodies.el mm-decode.el mm-encode.el
mm-util.el rfc2047.el
and changed rmail.el nnmail.el rmailout.el gnus-sum.el nnfolder.el
nnheader.el nnmh.el nnml.el rmailsum.el coding.c fns.c gnus-art.el
gnus-ems.el gnus-mule.el message.el nnspool.el nntp.el rmailkwd.el
smiley.el
Tomohiro Matsuyama: wrote profiler.el
and changed profiler.c Makefile.in alloc.c emacs.c eval.c lisp.h
makefile.w32-in xdisp.c
Tomoji Kagatani: wrote smtpmail.el
Torbjörn Axelsson: changed options.el
Torbjörn Einarsson: wrote progmodes/f90.el
and changed f90.el
Torsten Anders: changed org-beamer.el
Torsten Bronger: changed latin-ltx.el
Toru Tomabechi: wrote language/tibetan.el quail/tibetan.el tibet-util.el
Toru Tsuneyoshi: changed ange-ftp.el buff-menu.el cus-start.el fileio.c
files.el lisp.h tramp.el w32fns.c
Toshiaki Nomura: changed uxpds.h
Trent W. Buck: changed rcirc.el remember.el rx.el
Trey Jackson: changed spam-stat.el
Triet Hoai Lai: changed vntelex.el viet-util.el vietnamese.el
Troels Nielsen: changed process.c buffer.c progmodes/compile.el window.el
Trung Tran-Duc: changed nntp.el
Tsuchiya Masatoshi: changed gnus-art.el mm-view.el gnus-sum.el
nneething.el spam.el gnus-group.el nnheader.el nnml.el gnus-agent.el
gnus-cache.el gnus-msg.el gnus.el nndiary.el nnfolder.el nnimap.el
nnmaildir.el pgg.el rfc2047.el
Tsugutomo Enami: changed frame.c keyboard.c configure.ac dispnew.c
fileio.c process.c simple.el sysdep.c xdisp.c add-log.el bytecomp.el
editfns.c emacs.c frame.h gnus-group.el netbsd.h nnheader.el
perl-mode.el regex.c regex.h rmailsum.el and 5 other files
Tsuyoshi Akiho: changed gnus-sum.el nnrss.el
Tudor Hulubei: changed iso-acc.el latin-pre.el
Uday S Reddy: changed etags.el fill.el
Ulf Jasper: wrote bubbles.el icalendar-tests.el icalendar.el
newst-backend.el newst-plainview.el newst-reader.el newst-ticker.el
newst-treeview.el newsticker-tests.el newsticker.el
and changed icalendar-testsuite.el calendar.texi newsticker-plainview.el
newsticker-treeview.el newsticker.texi newsticker-backend.el
newsticker-reader.el newsticker-ticker.el Makefile.in README
browse-url.xpm get-all.xpm mark-immortal.xpm mark-read.xpm narrow.xpm
newsticker newsticker-testsuite.el next-feed.xpm next-item.xpm
prev-feed.xpm prev-item.xpm and 3 other files
Ulf Stegemann: co-wrote org-entities.el
and changed org-gnus.el smime.el
Ulrich Leodolter: changed w32proc.c
Ulrich Müller: changed configure.ac Makefile.in doctor.el files.el gud.el
server.el ChgPane.c ChgSel.c HELLO INSTALL XMakeAssoc.c authors.el
bytecomp.el calc-units.el case-table.el configure em-ls.el emacs.1
emacs.c emacs.desktop emacsclient.c and 26 other files
Ulrich Neumerkel: changed xterm.c
Ulrik Vieth: wrote meta-mode.el
and changed files.el
Vadim Nasardinov: changed allout.el
Vagn Johansen: changed gnus-cache.el vc-svn.el
Valentin Wüstholz: changed org.el
Valery Alexeev: changed cyril-util.el quail/cyrillic.el
Vasily Korytov: changed message.el quail/cyrillic.el cperl-mode.el
gnus-art.el gnus-dired.el gnus-msg.el gnus-util.el mail-source.el
smiley.el
Vegard Øye: changed viper-init.el
Victor Zandy: wrote zone.el
Viktor Rosenfeld: changed ob-sql.el
Ville Skyttä: changed mh-comp.el pgg.el tcl.el
Vincent Belaïche: changed ses.el 5x5.el calc-alg.el calc-vec.el calc.texi
calc-embed.el calc-help.el calc-misc.el calc.el floatfns.c org.el
recentf.el
Vincent Del Vecchio: changed info.el mh-utils.el
Vinicius Jose Latorre: wrote delim-col.el ebnf-abn.el ebnf-bnf.el
ebnf-dtd.el ebnf-ebx.el ebnf-iso.el ebnf-otz.el ebnf-yac.el ebnf2ps.el
printing.el whitespace.el
and co-wrote ps-def.el ps-mule.el ps-print.el ps-samp.el
and changed ps-prin1.ps ps-bdf.el ps-prin0.ps blank-mode.el ps-prin3.ps
ps-prin2.ps lpr.el subr.el diff-mode.el TUTORIAL.pt_BR compilation.txt
easymenu.el loading.texi menu-bar.el misc.texi progmodes/compile.el
ps-print-def.el ps-print.ps ps-vars.el
Vitalie Spinu: changed comint.el ob-R.el
Vivek Dasmohapatra: wrote hfy-cmap.el htmlfontify.el
and changed erc.el erc-backend.el erc-services.el hexl.el emacs.c
erc-join.el htmlfontify.texi sh-script.el xterm.c xterm.h
Vladimir Alexiev: changed arc-mode.el nnvirtual.el tmm.el
Vladimir Volovich: changed smime.el
Volker Sobek: changed programs.texi
W. Martin Borgert: changed files.el schemas.xml
Walter C. Pelissero: changed browse-url.el url-methods.el
Wang Diancheng: changed gdb-mi.el nnml.el
Wei-Wei Guo: co-wrote rst.el
Werner Benger: changed keyboard.c
Werner Lemberg: wrote sisheng.el vntelex.el
and co-wrote vnvni.el
and changed Makefile.in TUTORIAL.de calc.texi chinese.el emacs.1
european.el idlwave.el language/czech.el language/slovak.el
reftex-vars.el reftex.el reftex.texi supercite.el advice.el
calc-forms.el calc-sel.el calendar.el china-util.el cl-macs.el cl.texi
complete.el and 50 other files
Werner Meisner: changed lwlib-Xm.c
Wes Hardaker: changed gnus-score.el gnus-art.el gnus-sum.el gnus-win.el
spam.el
Wilfred Hughes: changed vc-git.el
Will Glozer: changed macterm.c
Will Mengarini: wrote repeat.el
William F. Schelter: wrote telnet.el
William M. Perry: wrote url-dav.el url-gw.el url-http.el url-util.el
url.el vc-dav.el
and co-wrote mailcap.el socks.el
and changed url-handlers.el url-file.el url-methods.el url-vars.el
url-https.el aclocal.m4 mule-sysdp.el url-imap.el url-news.el
url-nfs.el configure.ac image.el mwheel.el url-about.el url-auth.el
url-cid.el url-dired.el url-expand.el url-ftp.el url-history.el
url-irc.el and 6 other files
William Smith: changed strftime.c
William Sommerfeld: wrote emacsclient.c scribe.el server.el
William Stevenson: wrote adwaita-theme.el
and changed artist.el
William Xu: changed gcc.el nsterm.m outline.el url.el webjump.el
Wilson H. Tien: changed unexelf.c
Wilson Snyder: co-wrote verilog-mode.el
and changed files.el
Wim Nieuwenhuizen: changed TUTORIAL.nl
Wlodzimierz Bzyl: co-wrote ogonek.el
and changed latin-pre.el pl-refcard.ps pl-refcard.tex refcard-pl.ps
refcard-pl.tex survival.tex
Wolfgang Glas: changed unexsgi.c
Wolfgang Jenkner: changed gnus-agent.el image-mode.el ansi-color.el
man.el conf-mode.el functions.texi gnus-picon.el gnus-start.el
gnus-sum.el gnus.texi intro.texi lread.c network-stream.el nntp.el
pcvs.el pop3.el progmodes/grep.el syntax.texi variables.texi
Wolfgang Lux: changed nsterm.m keyboard.c
Wolfgang Rupprecht: wrote float-sup.el floatfns.c sup-mouse.el
and changed config.in process.c alloc.c callint.c configure.ac data.c
ecrt0.c fns.c lisp-mode.el lisp.h loadup.el lread.c net-utils.el
nntp.el print.c sort.el
Wolfgang Scherer: changed vc-cvs.el
Wolfgang Schnerring: changed emacsclient.c
Wolfram Fenske: changed nnimap.el
Wolfram Gloger: changed emacs.c
Xavier Maillard: changed gnus-faq.texi gnus-score.el mh-utils.el spam.el
Yagi Tatsuya: changed gnus-art.el gnus-start.el
Yair F: changed quail/hebrew.el
Yamamoto Mitsuharu: changed macterm.c macfns.c mac-win.el mac.c macterm.h
macmenu.c macgui.h image.c xdisp.c macselect.c keyboard.c xterm.c
Makefile.in unexmacosx.c w32term.c emacs.c darwin.h dispnew.c alloc.c
dispextern.h configure.ac and 88 other files
Yann Dirson: changed imenu.el
Yann Hodique: changed rcirc.el
Yavor Doganov: changed configure.ac Makefile.in emacs.1 etags.1 make-dist
nsfont.m
Yoichi Nakayama: changed browse-url.el finder.el man.el rfc2368.el
Yong Lu: changed charset.c coding.c language/greek.el
Yoni Rabkin: changed faces.el net-utils.el artist.el bs.el cmacexp.el
ediff.el files.el hilit19.el ps-mode.el simula.el vera-mode.el
verilog-mode.el vhdl-mode.el viper.el whitespace.el
Yoshiaki Kasahara: changed buffer.c term.c
Yoshiki Hayashi: changed texinfmt.el nnheader.el
Yoshinori Koseki: wrote iimage.el
and changed fontset.el message.el nnheader.el nnmail.el
Yu-Ji Hosokawa: changed README.W32
Yuanle Song: changed rng-xsd.el
Yukihiro Matsumoto: co-wrote ruby-mode.el
Yuri Karaban: changed pop3.el
Yuri Shtil: changed etags.c
Yutaka Niibe: changed indent.c xdisp.c configure.ac Makefile.in dispnew.c
sysdep.c config.in dired.el emacs.c fill.el fns.c gmalloc.c gnu-linux.h
indent.h process.c simple.el term.c window.c
Zachary Kanfer: changed org.el cus-edit.el keyboard.c
Zhang Wei: changed chinese.el characters.el mule-cmds.el xfns.c erc.el
faces.el fontset.el makefile.w32-in mm-util.el mule.el org-publish.el
rfc2047.el x-win.el
Zhang Weize: wrote ob-plantuml.el
Zoltan Kemenczy: changed gud.el
Zoran Milojevic: changed avoid.el
Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason: changed rcirc.el
Éric Jacoboni: changed fr-refcard.tex
Óscar Fuentes: changed ido.el cmdproxy.c diff-mode.el emacsclient.c
vc-bzr.el
İsmail Dönmez: changed nsfont.m nsterm.m url-auth.el xterm.c
Łukasz Demianiuk: changed erc.el
Łukasz Stelmach: changed cookie1.el message.el org-agenda.el org-bbdb.el
org-exp.el org-html.el org.el
Štěpán Němec: changed INSTALL calc-ext.el cl.texi comint.el edebug.texi
font-lock.el loading.texi maps.texi mark.texi message.texi mini.texi
minibuf.texi misc.texi programs.texi subr.el tips.texi url-vars.el
url.texi vc-git.el window.c windows.texi
Йордан Миладинов: changed quail/cyrillic.el
Local Variables:
coding: utf-8
End:
========================================================================
* etc/README
========================================================================
This directory contains the architecture-independent files used by or
with Emacs. This includes some text files of documentation for GNU
Emacs or of interest to Emacs users, and the file of dumped docstrings
for Emacs functions and variables.
`forms-d2.dat' is an example data file used by forms-d2.el.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
File: emacs.icon
Author: Sun Microsystems, Inc
Copyright (C) 1999, 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/charsets/README
========================================================================
# README file for charset mapping files in this directory.
# Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
# National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
# Registration Number H13PRO009
# This file is part of GNU Emacs.
# GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
(1) Format of mapping files
Each line contains a code point and the corresponding Unicode
character code separated by a space. Both code points and Unicode
character codes are in hexadecimal preceded by "0x". Comments may be
used, starting with "#". Code ranges may also be used, with
(inclusive) start and end code points separated by "-" followed by the
Unicode of the start of the range
Examples:
0xA0 0x00A0 # no-break space
0x8141-0x8143 0x4E04 # map onto a Unicode range
(2) Source of mapping files
All mapping files are generated automatically from data files freely
available on the Internet (e.g. glibc/localedata/charmaps"). See the
file ../../admin/charsets/mapfiles/README for the detail.
========================================================================
* etc/images/README
========================================================================
* The default GTK icons were not overridden by the GNOME theme due to
a bug which was fixed in GNOME 2.15. Once GNOME 2.16 is in wide
circulation, the GTK icons should be replaced with the equivalent
GNOME icons.
* Recipe for Creating PBM Versions
1. Edit .xpm image in GIMP.
2. Image > Mode > Indexed. Check Use Black/White Palette and No
Color Dithering.
3. File > Save As file.xbm.
4. Run xbmtopbm < file.xbm > file.pbm.
Thanks to jan.h.d@swipnet.se for the help.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
* The following icons are part of Emacs. All are licensed under the
GNU General Public License version 3 (see COPYING) or later.
The xpm and svg files contain copyright and license information, but
it is reproduced here for convenience.
File: mh-logo.xpm
Author: Satyaki Das
Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Files: splash.pbm, splash.xpm, gnus.pbm
Author: Luis Fernandes
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Files: splash.png, splash.svg
Author: Francesc Rocher
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Files: checked.xpm, unchecked.xpm
Author: Chong Yidong
Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
* The following icons are from GTK+ 2.x. They are not part of Emacs, but
are distributed and used by Emacs. They are licensed under the
GNU Library General Public License version 2 or later. See the source
of the gtk+ package for more information.
close.xpm copy.xpm cut.xpm help.xpm home.xpm index.xpm info.pbm
info.xpm jump-to.xpm left-arrow.xpm new.xpm open.xpm paste.xpm
preferences.xpm print.xpm refresh.xpm right-arrow.xpm save.xpm
saveas.xpm search.xpm sort-ascending.xpm sort-descending.xpm
spell.xpm undo.xpm up-arrow.xpm
back-arrow.xpm and fwd-arrow.xpm are slightly modified undo and redo.
diropen.xpm is file-manager.png from Gnome hicolor theme.
* The following icons are from GNOME 2.x. They are not part of Emacs,
but are distributed and used by Emacs. They are licensed under the
GNU General Public License version 2 or later. See the source of
the gnome-icons-theme package for more information.
Emacs images and their source in the GNOME icons stock/ directory:
attach.xpm document/stock_attach
bookmark_add.xpm actions/bookmark_add
cancel.xpm slightly modified generic/stock_stop
connect.xpm net/stock_connect
contact.xpm net/stock_contact
data-save.xpm data/stock_data-save
delete.xpm generic/stock_delete
describe.xpm generic/stock_properties
disconnect.xpm net/stock_disconnect
exit.xpm generic/stock_exit
lock-broken.xpm data/stock_lock-broken
lock-ok.xpm data/stock_lock-ok
lock.xpm data/stock_lock
redo.xpm generic/stock_redo
search-replace.xpm slightly modified generic/stock_search-and-replace
next-page.xpm navigation/stock_next-page
refresh.xpm generic/stock_refresh
separator.xpm ?
show.xpm slightly modified document/stock_new
sort-ascending.xpm slightly modified data/stock_sort-ascending
sort-column-ascending.xpm data/stock_sort-column-ascending
sort-criteria.xpm data/stock_sort-criteria
sort-descending.xpm slightly modified data/stock_sort-descending
sort-row-ascending.xpm data/stock_sort-row-ascending
zoom-in.xpm navigation/stock_zoom-in
zoom-out.xpm navigation/stock_zoom-out
next-node.xpm and prev-node.xpm are from gthumb version 2.0 (part of
GNOME 2.x) where they are called next-image-24.png and prev-image-24.png.
up-node.xpm is just next-node.xpm rotated 90 degrees.
Some icons in the mail/ and gnus/ subdirectories are also taken
from this source (see their separate README files).
The images in the low-color/ subdirectory are low-color versions of
the files of the same name in this directory, and are subject to the
same conditions.
========================================================================
* etc/images/custom/README
========================================================================
This directory contains icons for the Customization user interface.
Currently possible image file names that have no icons yet are
radio0.xpm, radio1.xpm.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: down.xpm down-pushed.xpm right.xpm right-pushed.xpm
Author: Juri Linkov
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/ezimage/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: bits.xpm bitsbang.xpm box-minus.xpm box-plus.xpm
box.xpm checkmark.xpm dir-minus.xpm dir-plus.xpm dir.xpm
doc-minus.xpm doc-plus.xpm doc.xpm info.xpm key.xpm label.xpm
lock.xpm mail.xpm page-minus.xpm page-plus.xpm page.xpm
tag-gt.xpm tag-minus.xpm tag-plus.xpm tag-type.xpm tag-v.xpm
tag.xpm unlock.xpm
Author: Eric M. Ludlam
Copyright (C) 1999-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/gnus/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
* The following icons are part of Emacs. All are licensed under the
GNU General Public License version 3 (see COPYING) or later.
The file gnus.svg contains copyright and license information, but it
is reproduced here for convenience.
Files: important.xpm, unimportant.xpm
Author: Simon Josefsson
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Files: catchup.pbm catchup.xpm cu-exit.pbm cu-exit.xpm
describe-group.pbm describe-group.xpm exit-gnus.pbm exit-gnus.xpm
exit-summ.pbm exit-summ.xpm followup.pbm followup.xpm fuwo.pbm
fuwo.xpm get-news.pbm get-news.xpm gnntg.pbm gnntg.xpm gnus.xbm
gnus.xpm gnus-pointer.xbm gnus-pointer.xpm mail-reply.pbm
mail-reply.xpm next-ur.pbm next-ur.xpm post.pbm post.xpm prev-ur.pbm
prev-ur.xpm preview.xbm preview.xpm receipt.xpm reply-wo.pbm
reply-wo.xpm reply.pbm reply.xpm save-aif.pbm save-aif.xpm
save-art.pbm save-art.xpm subscribe.pbm subscribe.xpm
unsubscribe.pbm unsubscribe.xpm uu-decode.pbm uu-decode.xpm
uu-post.pbm uu-post.xpm
Author: Luis Fernandes
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Files: gnus.png, gnus.svg
Author: Francesc Rocher
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
* The following icons are from GNOME 2.x. They are not part of Emacs,
but are distributed and used by Emacs. They are licensed under the
GNU General Public License version 2 or later. See the source of the
gnome-icons-theme package for more information.
toggle-subscription.xpm (GNOME stock/document/stock_task-recurring)
kill-group.pbm and kill-group.xpm are converted from close.xpm
rot13.pbm and rot13.xpm are converted from lock.xpm
mail-send.xpm ?
========================================================================
* etc/images/gud/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
The following icons were created by Nick Roberts .
Copyright (C) 2002-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
break.pbm, nexti.pbm, go.pbm, pp.pbm, print.pbm, pstar.pbm, remove.pbm
break.xpm, nexti.xpm, go.xpm, pp.xpm, print.xpm, pstar.xpm, remove.xpm
stepi.pbm, until.pbm, stepi.xpm, until.xpm
rnexti.xpm rstepi.xpm
recstart.xpm recstop.xpm
Some icons are derived from Red Hat's Insight Debugger:
"Insight is a graphical user interface to GDB, the GNU Debugger"
"Insight is being released under the terms of the GNU General Public
License (GPL)"
In addition to the above, Red Hat has assigned (2002-11-09) copyright
for its work on GDB to the Free Software Foundation (as well as a
blanket assignment for all changes to FSF software, 1999-10-21, until
terminated with 30 days notice). In an email exchange with Richard
Stallman in November 2002, Red Hat confirmed that
their copyright assignment included the icons.
The following icons are converted from the Insight Windows style icon
set in src/gdb/gdbtk/library/images2.
Copyright (C) 2002-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
cont.pbm and cont.xpm were converted from continue.gif
down.pbm and down.xpm were converted from down.gif
finish.pbm and finish.xpm were converted from finish.gif
next.pbm and next.xpm were converted from next.gif
run.pbm and run.xpm were converted from run.gif
step.pbm and step.xpm were converted from step.gif
stop.pbm and stop.xpm were converted from stop.gif
up.pbm and up.xpm were converted from up.gif
watch.pbm and watch.xpm were converted from watch.gif
The following icons are created from the Insight Windows style icon
set in src/gdb/gdbtk/library/images2.
Copyright (C) 2002-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
rcont.xpm rfinish.xpm
rnext.xpm rstep.xpm
========================================================================
* etc/images/icons/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: hicolor/16x16/apps/emacs.png hicolor/24x24/apps/emacs.png
hicolor/32x32/apps/emacs.png hicolor/48x48/apps/emacs.png
hicolor/128x128/apps/emacs.png hicolor/scalable/apps/emacs.svg
Author: Kentaro Ohkouchi
Copyright (C) 2007-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
Files: hicolor/16x16/apps/emacs22.png hicolor/24x24/apps/emacs22.png
hicolor/32x32/apps/emacs22.png hicolor/48x48/apps/emacs22.png
Author: Andrew Zhilin
Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
Files: allout-widgets-dark-bg/closed.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/closed.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/empty.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/empty.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/encrypted-locked.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/encrypted-locked.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/encrypted-unlocked.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/encrypted-unlocked.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/end-connector.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/end-connector.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/extender-connector.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/extender-connector.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/leaf.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/leaf.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/mid-connector.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/mid-connector.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/opened.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/opened.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/skip-descender.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/skip-descender.xpm
allout-widgets-dark-bg/through-descender.png
allout-widgets-dark-bg/through-descender.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/closed.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/closed.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/empty.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/empty.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/encrypted-locked.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/encrypted-locked.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/encrypted-unlocked.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/encrypted-unlocked.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/end-connector.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/end-connector.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/extender-connector.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/extender-connector.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/leaf.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/leaf.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/mid-connector.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/mid-connector.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/opened.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/opened.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/skip-descender.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/skip-descender.xpm
allout-widgets-light-bg/through-descender.png
allout-widgets-light-bg/through-descender.xpm
Author: Ken Manheimer
Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/low-color/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
The files:
back-arrow.xpm copy.xpm cut.xpm fwd-arrow.xpm help.xpm home.xpm
index.xpm jump-to.xpm left-arrow.xpm new.xpm next-node.xpm
open.xpm paste.xpm preferences.xpm prev-node.xpm print.xpm
right-arrow.xpm save.xpm saveas.xpm search.xpm spell.xpm
undo.xpm up-arrow.xpm up-node.xpm
are low-color versions of those with the same name in the parent
directory. See the README file in that directory for the relevant
legal information.
========================================================================
* etc/images/mail/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
The following icons are from GNOME 2.x. They are not part of Emacs,
but are distributed and used by Emacs. They are licensed under the
GNU General Public License version 2 or later. See the source of the
gnome-icons-theme package for more information.
Emacs images and their GNOME source (GNOME icons are from stock/net/
directory unless otherwise stated):
compose.xpm stock_mail-compose
copy.xpm stock_mail-copy
flag-for-followup.xpm stock_mail-flag-for-followup
forward.xpm stock_mail-forward
inbox.xpm stock_inbox
move.xpm stock_mail-move
not-spam.xpm stock_not-spam
outbox.xpm stock_outbox
preview.xpm combines stock_mail and navigation/stock_zoom
reply-all.xpm stock_mail-reply-to-all
reply.xpm stock_mail-reply
save-draft.xpm stock_mail-handling
save.xpm combines stock_mail, io/stock_save and
stock_convert (from gnome-themes)
send.xpm stock_mail-send
spam.xpm stock_spam
(preview and save were contributed by Adam Sjøgren )
repack is a slightly modified version of package-x-generic.
reply-from is a slightly modified version of reply.
reply-to is a slightly modified version of reply-all.
The pbm versions (where present) were converted from the xpm versions
via an essentially automatic procedure (see the README file in the
parent of this directory).
========================================================================
* etc/images/mpc/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: add.xpm ffwd.xpm next.xpm pause.xpm play.xpm prev.xpm rewind.xpm stop.xpm
Author: Stefan Monnier
Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/newsticker/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: browse-url.xpm get-all.xpm mark-immortal.xpm mark-read.xpm
narrow.xpm next-feed.xpm next-item.xpm prev-feed.xpm
prev-item.xpm update.xpm
Author: Ulf Jasper
Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/smilies/README
========================================================================
Files: blink.pbm blink.xpm braindamaged.xpm cry.xpm dead.xpm evil.xpm
forced.xpm frown.pbm frown.xpm grin.xpm indifferent.xpm sad.pbm
sad.xpm smile.pbm smile.xpm wry.pbm wry.xpm
Authors: Reiner Steib, Simon Josefsson, Kai Grossjohann, Alex
Schroeder, Oliver Scholz, Per Abrahamsen, Kim F. Storm.
Copyright (C) 1999-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/smilies/grayscale/README, etc/images/smilies/medium/README
========================================================================
Files: blink.xpm braindamaged.xpm cry.xpm dead.xpm evil.xpm forced.xpm
frown.xpm grin.xpm indifferent.xpm reverse-smile.xpm sad.xpm
smile.xpm wry.xpm
Author: Adam Sjøgren
Copyright (C) 2007-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/tree-widget/default/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: close.png close.xpm empty.png empty.xpm end-guide.png end-guide.xpm
guide.png guide.xpm handle.png handle.xpm leaf.png leaf.xpm
no-guide.png no-guide.xpm no-handle.png no-handle.xpm open.png
open.xpm
Author: David Ponce
Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/images/tree-widget/folder/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
Files: close.png close.xpm empty.png empty.xpm end-guide.png
end-guide.xpm guide.png guide.xpm handle.png handle.xpm
leaf.png leaf.xpm no-guide.png no-guide.xpm no-handle.png
no-handle.xpm open.png open.xpm
Author: David Ponce
Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/org/README
========================================================================
The files OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml and OrgOdtStyles.xml have the
following copyright information:
Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
These files are part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
Author: Jambunathan K
Keywords: outlines, hypermedia, calendar, wp
Homepage: http://orgmode.org
Commentary:
These files are part of Org-mode's OpenDocument export module.
OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml provides a template within which the content
of an exported document is enclosed. This file contributes to
"content.xml" file within an exported document and acts as a
repository of automatic styles.
OrgOdtStyles.xml contributes to "styles.xml" file within an exported
document and acts as a repository of custom styles.
========================================================================
* etc/refcards/README
========================================================================
To generate these refcards, you need to install the TeX document
production system. For example, http://www.tug.org/texlive/ .
All modern GNU/Linux distributions provide TeX packages, so the
easiest way is just to install those. Your distribution may have
split some of the files needed to process non-English output into
separate, optional packages such as: texlive-lang-cyrillic,
texlive-lang-czechslovak, texlive-lang-german, and texlive-lang-polish.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
The file gnus-logo.eps contains copyright and license information, but
it is reproduced here for convenience.
File: gnus-logo.eps, gnus-logo.pdf
Author: Luis Fernandes
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
========================================================================
* etc/schema/README
========================================================================
locate.rnc, relaxng.rnc, and schemas.xml are part of Emacs. They are
used by nXML mode for mapping schemas to documents.
The remaining files in this directory are schema for a variety of
specifications released by the DocBook project, the Organization for
the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) and the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). These schema are used by nXML mode.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR SCHEMA FILES
The following files are part of the DocBook project:
calstbl.rnc dbcalstbl.rnc dbhier.rnc dbnotn.rnc dbpool.rnc
dbstart.rnc docbook.rnc
These files are Copyright (C) 1992-2002 HaL Computer Systems, Inc.,
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ArborText, Inc., Fujitsu Software
Corporation, Norman Walsh, Sun Microsystems, Inc., and the
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
(OASIS). They are distributed under the terms of the following
license:
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute the DocBook DTD and
its accompanying documentation for any purpose and without fee is
hereby granted in perpetuity, provided that the above copyright
notice and this paragraph appear in all copies. The copyright
holders make no representation about the suitability of the DTD for
any purpose. It is provided "as is" without expressed or implied
warranty.
The following files are derived from technical recommendations
published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
1. The XHTML Modularization Version 1.1 standard, available online
at http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/
xhtml-applet.rnc xhtml-attribs.rnc xhtml-base.rnc xhtml-bdo.rnc
xhtml-bform.rnc xhtml-btable.rnc xhtml-csismap.rnc
xhtml-datatypes.rnc xhtml-edit.rnc xhtml-events.rnc
xhtml-form.rnc xhtml-frames.rnc xhtml-hypertext.rnc
xhtml-iframe.rnc xhtml-image.rnc xhtml-inlstyle.rnc
xhtml-legacy.rnc xhtml-link.rnc xhtml-lst.rnc xhtml-meta.rnc
xhtml-nameident.rnc xhtml-object.rnc xhtml-param.rnc
xhtml-pres.rnc xhtml.rnc xhtml-ruby.rnc xhtml-script.rnc
xhtml-ssismap.rnc xhtml-struct.rnc xhtml-table.rnc
xhtml-text.rnc xhtml-tgt.rnc xhtml-xstyle.rnc
2. The XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0 standard, available
online at http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt
xslt.rnc
3. The W3C RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised), available online
at http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar
rdfxml.rnc
These files are
Copyright (C) 2001-2008 World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for
Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved.
This work is distributed under the W3C(R) Software License in the
hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
From section 5.10 of the W3C Intellectual Rights FAQ
( http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/IPR-FAQ-20000620 ), schemas and
DTDs that are part of W3C specifications are licensed under the W3C
Software License:
This work (and included software, documentation such as READMEs, or
other related items) is being provided by the copyright holders
under the following license. By obtaining, using and/or copying this
work, you (the licensee) agree that you have read, understood, and
will comply with the following terms and conditions.
Permission to copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation, with or without modification, for any purpose and
without fee or royalty is hereby granted, provided that you include
the following on ALL copies of the software and documentation or
portions thereof, including modifications:
1. The full text of this NOTICE in a location viewable to users of
the redistributed or derivative work.
2. Any pre-existing intellectual property disclaimers, notices, or
terms and conditions. If none exist, the W3C Software Short
Notice should be included (hypertext is preferred, text is
permitted) within the body of any redistributed or derivative
code.
3. Notice of any changes or modifications to the files, including
the date changes were made. (We recommend you provide URIs to
the location from which the code is derived.)
THIS SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE
OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS,
COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS.
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY USE OF THE
SOFTWARE OR DOCUMENTATION.
The name and trademarks of copyright holders may NOT be used in
advertising or publicity pertaining to the software without
specific, written prior permission. Title to copyright in this
software and any associated documentation will at all times remain
with copyright holders.
========================================================================
* leim/CXTERM-DIC/README
========================================================================
All *.tit files in this directory are dictionary files to use with
the program cxterm. Their source and copyright status are categorized
into these four groups.
(1) QJ-b5.tit (renamed from .../cxterm/dict/big5/QJ.tit)
QJ.tit (copied from .../cxterm/dict/gb/QJ.tit)
They are verbatim copies of those included in the directory
contrib/clients/cxterm of the distribution of X11R6. Each file
contains a license notice.
(2) CCDOSPY.tit (copied from .../cxterm/dict/gb/CCDOSPY.tit)
PY-b5.tit (renamed from .../cxterm/dict/big5/PY.tit)
SW.tit (copied from .../cxterm/dict/gb/SW.tit)
TONEPY.tit (copied from .../cxterm/dict/gb/TONEPY.tit)
They are copies of those included in the directory
contrib/clients/cxterm of the distribution of X11R6. As the original
files don't contain copyright and license notices, a proper notice is
extracted from .../cxterm/README and added at the head of each file.
(3) 4Corner.tit
ARRAY30.tit
ETZY.tit
ZOZY.tit
They are versions modified by the original authors from those
distributed with X11R5 to include proper copyright notices. Each file
contains a license notice.
(4) ECDICT.tit, Punct-b5.tit, Punct.tit
They are verbatim copies of those distributed at
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/. Each file contains a license
notice.
========================================================================
* leim/MISC-DIC/README
========================================================================
The source and copyright status of dictionary files in this directory
are categorized into these three groups.
(1) cangjie-table.b5
cangjie-table.cns
They are verbatim copies of those distributed by the author Christian
Wittern himself. Each file contains a license notice.
(2) CTLau.html
CTLau-b5.html
They are verbatim copies of those distributed at the author's home
page . Each file contains a
license notice.
(3) pinyin.map
ziranma.cin
They are copies of those distributed with a free package
called CCE at:
http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/potato/main
/source/utils/cce_0.36.orig.tar.gz
As the original files don't contain copyright and license notices, a
proper notice is extracted from the file Copyright and added at the
head of each file.
========================================================================
* leim/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains LEIM files.
LEIM stands for Libraries of Emacs Input Methods.
Contents of subdirectories are as follows.
CXTERM-DIC:
This directory contains source dictionaries (TIT format) for Chinese
input method distributed with cxterm (Chinese version xterm). These
dictionaries are automatically converted to Quail packages (Emacs Lisp
source files) by `make'.
MISC-DIC:
This directory contains various dictionaries for Chinese input
methods. These dictionaries are automatically converted to Quail
packages (Emacs Lisp source files) by `make'.
quail:
This directory contains Emacs Lisp source files for Quail packages.
SKK-DIC:
This directory contains source dictionary for Japanese input method
distributed with SKK (Japanese input method run with Mule). But, you
don't need this file because we distribute an Emacs Lisp source file
ja-dic/ja-dic.el which has already been converted from the source
dictionary (See below).
ja-dic:
This directory contains Emacs Lisp source file ja-dic.el which is
generated from a source dictionary in SKK-DIC directory. The
inclusion of this file is for users convenience because it takes
rather long time to generate it.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* lisp/calc/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains Calc, an advanced desk calculator for GNU
Emacs.
"Calc" Copyright (C) 1990-1993, 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by:
Dave Gillespie
c/o Synaptics, Inc.
2698 Orchard Parkway
San Jose CA 95134
daveg@synaptics.com, uunet!synaptx!daveg
Currently maintained by:
Jay Belanger
From the introduction to the manual:
"Calc" is an advanced calculator and mathematical tool that runs as
part of the GNU Emacs environment. Very roughly based on the HP-28/48
series of calculators, its many features include:
* Choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry of calculations.
* Arbitrary precision integers and floating-point numbers.
* Arithmetic on rational numbers, complex numbers (rectangular and
polar), error forms with standard deviations, open and closed
intervals, vectors and matrices, dates and times, infinities,
sets, quantities with units, and algebraic formulas.
* Mathematical operations such as logarithms and trigonometric functions.
* Programmer's features (bitwise operations, non-decimal numbers).
* Financial functions such as future value and internal rate of return.
* Number theoretical features such as prime factorization and
arithmetic modulo M for any M.
* Algebraic manipulation features, including symbolic calculus.
* Moving data to and from regular editing buffers.
* "Embedded mode" for manipulating Calc formulas and data directly
inside any editing buffer.
* Graphics using GNUPLOT, a versatile (and free) plotting program.
* Easy programming using keyboard macros, algebraic formulas,
algebraic rewrite rules, or extended Emacs Lisp.
Calc is written entirely in Emacs Lisp, for maximum portability.
I am anxious to hear about your experiences using Calc. Send mail to
"jay.p.belanger@gmail.com". A bug report is most useful if you include the
exact input and output that occurred, any modes in effect (such as the
current precision), and so on. If you find Calc is difficult to operate
in any way, or if you have other suggestions, don't hesitate to let me
know. If you find errors (including simple typos) in the manual, let
me know. Even if you find no bugs at all I would love to hear your
opinions.
Summary of changes to "Calc"
------- -- ------- -- ----
Emacs 24.3
Algebraic simplification mode is now the default.
To restrict to the limited simplifications given by the former
default simplification mode, use `m I'.
Emacs 24.1
* Support for musical notes added.
* Support for logarithmic units added.
* Calc no longer uses the tex prefix for TeX specific unit
names when using TeX or LaTeX mode.
* Added option to highlight selections using faces.
* Gave `calc-histogram' the option of using a vector to determine the bins.
* Added "O" option prefix.
* Used "O" prefix to "d r" (`calc-radix') to turn on twos-complement mode.
Emacs 23.2
* Added twos-complement display.
Emacs 23.1:
* Gave `j *' (cal-sel-mult-both-sides) an option to expand the
denominator.
* Use `calc-embedded-word-regexp' for finding words in
`calc-embedded-word' in place of delimiters.
* Remove version numbering; use Emacs version for reference.
* Added support for using registers.
* Added support for Yacas, Maxima and Giac languages.
* Added a menu.
* Added logistic non-linear curves to curve-fitting.
* Added option of plotting data points and curve when curve-fitting.
* Made unit conversions exact when possible.
* Lowered the precedence of negation.
Version 2.1:
* New matrix mode for square matrices. Improved handling of
non-commutative products.
* New functions: powerexpand and ldiv.
* Added new functions: sec, csc, cot, sech, csch, coth.
* 0^0 now evaluates to 1.
* Added a new language mode for LaTeX.
* Calc now tries to use an appropriate language mode in embedded mode.
* Calc now restores original modes when leaving embedded mode.
* User settable variables which are not set with keystrokes are now
customizable.
* Made ~/.calc.el the default Calc settings file.
* Miscellaneous updates and bugfixes.
Version 2.02f:
* Fixed a bug which broke `I', `H', `K' prefix keys in recent Emacs.
* Fixed a bug in calc.texinfo which prevented "make tex2" from working.
* Updated `C-y' (calc-yank) to understand Emacs 19 generalized kill ring.
* Added a copy of "calccard.tex", the Calc quick reference card.
Version 2.02e:
* Fixed an installation bug caused by recent changes to `write-region'.
Version 2.02d:
* Fixed a minor installation problem with a Emacs 19.29 byte-compiler bug.
* Removed archaic "macedit" package (superseded by "edmacro").
Version 2.02c:
* Patch to port Calc to Lucid Emacs 19; still works with GNU 18 and GNU 19.
* Fixed a bug that broke `C-x C-c' after Calc graphics had been used.
Version 2.02b:
* Minor patch to port Calc to GNU Emacs 19. Will be superseded by Calc 3.00.
Version 2.02:
* Revamped the manual a bit; rearranged some sections.
* Added marginal notes for Key/Function Index refs in printed manual.
* Changed `M-# r' to deal more gracefully with blank lines.
* Made reductions like `V R +' and `M-# :' considerably faster.
* Improved parsing and display of cases like "[a + b]".
* Added `t +' and `t -' for doing business date arithmetic.
* Added "syntax tables," the opposite of compositions.
* Added another Rewrites Tutorial exercise.
* Added the "vmatches" function.
* Added the `Modes' variable and `m g' command.
* Improved `u s' to cancel, e.g., "11 mph hr / yd" to get a number.
* Added "quick units" commands "u 0" through "u 9".
* Moved `M-%' to calc.el to avoid autoloading problems.
* Added `M-=' during algebraic entry, acts like `RET ='.
* Made `LFD' prevent evaluation when finishing a calc-edit command.
* Changed calc-store commands to use `t .' mode for trail display.
* Improved integrator to understand forms involving "erf".
* Fixed parser to make sense of "[1....1e2]" input.
* Fixed FORTRAN parser to treat a(i,j) as a_i_j if a is declared matrix.
* Got rid of some version number stamps to reduce size of patches.
* Fixed a bug in defmath treating "<=" and ">=" predicates.
* Fixed a bug in which Calc crashed multiplying two date forms.
* Fixed a bug in line breaker that crashed for large, nested formulas.
* Fixed a bug using ` to edit string("foo").
* Fixed a bug where `M-# y' in Big mode copied stack level number.
* Fixed a bug where `g O' used wrong default directory, no completion.
* Fixed a bug where "foo_bar(i)" parsed in C mode but showed as foo#bar.
* Fixed several bugs where large calculations got "computation too long."
Version 2.01:
* Added percentage commands `M-%', `b %', and `c %'.
* Changed Big mode to force radix-10 in superscripts.
* Improved display of fractions in various language modes.
* Changed `a n' to work properly with equations and inequalities.
* The problem with cross references to Index nodes in TeX has been fixed.
* Fixed a bug where recursive esc-maps make calc-ext/-aent unloadable.
* Fixed a bug in `M-# k', then `OFF' right away, with fresh Emacs.
* Fixed a bug in which "S_i_j" was formatted wrong after `j s'.
* Fixed a bug in which `h k u c' positioned cursor on wrong line.
* Fixed a bug where `z ?' crashed if `z %' was defined.
* Fixed a bug in `j O' (calc-select-once-maybe).
* Fixed "make private" not to ask "Delete excess versions" and crash.
Version 2.00:
* First complete posting of Calc since 1.01.
* Most parts of Calc have seen changes since version 1.07. See
section "New for Calc 2.00" in the manual for a summary. In
the FTP version of the Calc distribution, the file README.prev
contains a detailed change history from 1.00 up to 2.00.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* lisp/calc/README.prev
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
Summary of changes to "Calc" Preceding 2.00
------- -- ------- -- ---- --------- ----
Version 2.00:
* Changed to compile calc-macs/-maint, to allow "cp *.elc new-dir".
* Improved calc-describe-bindings to avoid showing redundant ESC maps.
Version 2.00 beta 3:
* Removed version numbers from most .el files to reduce size of patches.
* Added a "calc-version" command.
* Changed `M-# ? ?' to allow for modified describe-function.
* Changed date parser to accept "Sept" as an alternative for "Sep".
* Inhibited answers to exercise from showing up in table of contents.
* Changed Makefile to say "texindex calc.[cfkptv]?" to avoid "calc.el".
* Fixed up the Makefile in various other ways.
* Rearranged banner at top of `h h' command's output.
* Changed "make summary" to print "Calc Summary" on the title page.
* Added "IntegSimpRules".
* Added `M-# :', `M-# _', and `M-# Z' options.
* Changed `^' to evaluate "[-3..-1]^-2" properly.
* Improved `f g' to give symbolic answers for, e.g., 101:2 and -3:2.
* Fixed a bug where `h k RET' didn't find the right place on the page.
* Fixed a bug that formatted "x*(y ? a : b)" as "x y ? a : b".
* Fixed a bug where defmath translated (< x 0) as (math-posp x)!
* Fixed a bug that prevented quick-calc from working sometimes.
* Fixed the `z ?' bug again (maybe this time for good?).
* Fixed a bug in which `V ^' (vint) was just plain wrong, wrong, wrong!
* Scanned for and fixed remaining bugs relating to autoloading.
Version 2.00 beta 2:
* Changed "make info" to try "make texinfo" if "makeinfo" not found.
* Changed to "New for Calc 2.00"; texinfo.tex chokes on apostrophes.
* Added List Tutorial Exercise 14 (just in case there weren't enough!).
* Added a discussion of the `Z F' command to the Programming Tutorial.
* Improved `H a f' not to lose info if input is partially pre-factored.
* Improved simplification of expressions like sqrt(3) + 3^3:2.
* Changed Big mode to omit "*" in expressions like 2 sqrt(3) 5^3:4.
* Replaced European date format D/M/Y with D.M.Y.
* Changed `a N' and `a X' to consider the endpoints of the interval.
* Fixed a bug where TeX mode made c*(1+a/b) look like a function call.
* Fixed a bug formatting top-level evalto's while using selections.
* Fixed a bug that caused `z ?' to crash.
* Fixed a bug where `Z F' broke for argument names "t" and "nil".
* Fixed several bugs relating to autoloading.
Version 2.00 beta 1:
* Added "What's new in Calc 2.00" to the manual (summary of info below).
* Added support for many GNUPLOT 3.0 features.
* Tweaked the Makefile and calc-compile a bit more.
* Modified to work with Zawinski's/Furuseth's optimizing byte compiler.
* Modified Calc to garbage-collect less often (raised gc-cons-threshold).
* Changed quick-calc to avoid autoloading so many parts of Calc.
* Changed Calc subfiles to work properly if not byte-compiled.
* Renamed `M-# s' to `M-# j', made `M-# s' be equivalent to `h s'.
* Changed calc-quit to avoid reapportioning space among other windows.
* Added `M-DEL' (calc-pop-above) key, to DEL as LFD is to RET.
* Added `{' and `}' to scroll vertically, analogous to `<' and `>'.
* Added `m t' for "total" algebraic mode.
* Added `d , \' option to group digits with "\,".
* Improved support of "prime" accent in "eqn" language mode.
* Changed macedit's read-kbd-macro to accept a string argument in Lisp.
* Changed calc-check-defines to use a more concise run-hooks linkage.
* Changed auto-why mode not to say [w=more] if next msg is not urgent.
* Made `a d' able to differentiate "a?b:c" and "a_i" formulas.
* Changed probability dist. functions to work with `a f' and `a d'.
* Added special constants "phi" and "gamma".
* Added "poly" function, simpler cousin of "gpoly".
* Added "pdeg", "plead", "pcont", "pprim"; cleaned up "pdiv" and "pgcd".
* Added `a p' command for polynomial interpolation.
* Added `a I' command for numerical integration; made IntegLimit variable.
* Added `a f' to factor polynomials; moved old `a f' to `a "'.
* Added `a a' to do partial fraction decompositions.
* Improved `a i' to integrate many more kinds of formulas.
* Modified `a P' to find numerical roots of high-degree polynomials.
* Modified `c 0' through `c 9' to convert int-valued floats to integers.
* Made sinh, arctanh, etc., expandable into exps/logs by `a f'.
* Added more algebraic simplifications having to do with logs and exps.
* Changed `s s', `s t', `s x', `s l' to accept an equation at prompt.
* Changed `s i' not to store Decls if its value is the default, [].
* Changed `s i' to store in `d O' language mode if in Normal or Big mode.
* Rearranged `V M'/`V R' matrix mapping modes.
* Added <#1+#2> notation for lambda expressions.
* Extended `b l' and other binary shifts to have a 2-argument version.
* Changed `u c' and `u t' to give unitless result for unitless input.
* Changed sqrt(1-cos(x)^2)-to-sin(x) to be an unsafe simplification.
* Improved simplification of sqrts, e.g., sqrt(a^2 x + a^2 y).
* Changed solver to treat (x-a)(x-b)(x-c) more intelligently.
* Changed Pascal language mode to use "$FFFF" for hexadecimal numbers.
* Added support for non-decimal display of floats.
* Changed `p' to refresh stack display if current float format uses it.
* Changed Big mode to use subscript notation for log10(x), log(x,b), r#nnn.
* Changed Big mode to format deriv(u,x) and tderiv(u,x) as du/dx.
* Changed Big mode to format integ(1/x,x) as "dx/x" instead of "1/x dx".
* Added "tty" output type for graphics commands.
* Documented Calc's random number generation algorithm in the manual.
* Fixed a bug involving having "(setq calc-timing t)" in .emacs.
* Fixed a bug that incorrectly parsed "|x| - 1" in TeX mode.
* Fixed bugs and made improvements in `a R' when widening the guess.
* Fixed a bug that where `a S' didn't solve (x - a)^2 = (x - b)^2.
* Fixed a bug that sometimes crashed `a P' on systems of equations.
* Fixed a bug that prevented `b p' (calc-pack-bits) from working.
* Fixed some bugs in which certain functions didn't get autoloaded.
* Fixed a bug in which the date <1/1/13> was incorrectly parsed.
* Fixed a bug which prevented `j D' from expanding (a+b)/c.
* Fixed a bug in solver: bad inverses for sinh and cosh.
* Fixed a bug in math-possible-signs that failed for x*0.
* Fixed a bug where sqrt(-a) was rewritten sqrt(a)*i even if a<0.
* Fixed a bug in line breaker when first "word" of line was too long.
* Worked around a makeinfo bug that handled @end group/@group badly.
Version 2.00 alpha 3:
* Changed logic for locating component .elc files to be even smarter.
* Changed "make install" to "make compile"; added different "make install".
* Improved "make compile" to check file dates and compile only when needed.
* Made output of "make compile" in batch mode more compact and readable.
* Replaced "Quick Overview" in manual with "Demonstration of Calc".
* Changed to use keymaps for dispatching M-# and h prefix keys.
* Added TAGS target to the Calc Makefile.
* Removed most doc strings from functions; new help commands are better.
* Got rid of some crufty "fset" calls that were cluttering the code.
* Split calc-grab-region into two functions, calc-grab-region/-rectangle.
* Swapped positions of stack and trail in full-calc-keypad display.
* Improved line-breaking algorithm for displaying long formulas.
* Improved display of control characters in vectors shown as strings.
* Changed `d o' to allow fraction format to specify desired denominator.
* Changed `M-# y' to respect overwrite mode in target buffer.
* Added `H' prefix to display-mode commands to suppress stack refresh.
* Changed "calc-why" mechanism to display urgent messages automatically.
* Handled taking derivatives of symbolic integrals and vice-versa.
* Handled integrating vectors of formulas.
* Incorporated Ewerlid's polynomial division and GCD functions into Calc.
* Improved algebraic operations on "mod" forms, esp. polynomials.
* Added some more financial functions (sln, syd, ddb).
* Added nest, anest, fixp, and afixp (`H V R' and `H V U') functions.
* Added `a .' (calc-remove-equal) command to take apart equations.
* Generalized dfact to work for negative odd integers; added !! syntax.
* Changed `k f' to factor 1, 0, and negative integers.
* Changed `u M', etc., to accept +/- and [ .. ] forms as distributions.
* Changed `g q' to remove *Gnuplot Commands/Trail* window if present.
* Added support for Francois Pinard's "dumb terminal" driver for GNUPLOT.
* Added ":: remember" feature for rewrite rules.
* Changed rewrites to let pattern "a*b" match "x/2" with a=x, b=1/2.
* Added ability to put function names like "simplify" in rewrite schedule.
* Added "Rewrites Tutorial" to the manual.
* Changed ` to bind RET as newline instead of finish if editing a vector.
* Added some new exercises to the List Tutorial.
* Changed `Z F', `V M', etc. not to remove stored vars from def arg list.
* Added parsing for /1, 2, 3/ notation for Fortran mode vectors.
* Added a "%%" syntax for comments in formulas being read.
* Fixed a bug in which failing `h k' removed an existing Info window.
* Fixed a bug in `j /' operating on subformulas like "a + b".
* Fixed a bug in which "inf = inf" undesirably evaluated to 1.
* Fixed a bug that simplified "0 = 1 + a + 2" to "0 = a".
* Fixed a bug that failed for rewrite patterns like "fib(1 ||| 2)".
* Fixed a bug that arose because rewrite programs are non-reentrant.
Version 2.00 alpha 2:
* Changed LFD terminating algebraic entry to push in no-simplify mode.
* Changed so that `K -' interprets `-' as calc-minus, not neg prefix arg.
* Improved `h c' command to understand all Calc key sequences.
* Fixed problems with DistribRules, NegateRules, and FitRules.
* Fixed several bad node pointers in the manual.
* Fixed a bug in `h C-w' when used with makeinfo-formatted manuals.
* Fixed a bug in sqrt(-1) when Polar and HMS modes are enabled.
* Fixed/improved dscalar and deven functions; added dodd.
* Fixed a bug in polynomial handling that also affected sum(sin(k),k,1,n).
* Fixed various other glitches in the manual.
Version 2.00 alpha 1:
* Calc's tar file now creates a calc-(version) directory to unpack into.
* Calc now comes with a Makefile; install with "make install".
* Calc now comes already split into many files; installation is much simpler.
* Changed base file name of the manual from "calc-info" to "calc.info".
* Key binding for `M-# w' was documented but not implemented.
* Bound M-# ' to be synonymous with `M-# f' (used to be `M-# q').
* Changed M-# M-# to use last interface of C or K; E no longer counts.
* Changed `i' (and `M-# i') not to return to Top node unnecessarily.
* Changed `h' to be a prefix key with various help commands.
* Changed `s' to be a prefix key with various store and recall commands.
* Keys `i', `r', and `l' are obsolete (moved to `h' and `s' prefixes).
* Rearranged `K', `X', and `M-RET' keys; `K' is now calc-keep-args.
* Changed quick-calc to display input formula as well as output if room.
* Changed quick-calc to interact with the editing buffer and kill ring.
* Created pack, unpack, unpackt function equivalents of `v p', `v u'.
* Changed to expand (a/b)^x to a^x/b^x only if b > 0 (not if a > 0).
* Changed math-possible-signs to understand sqrt function.
* Changed Z [, rewrites to consider any provably non-zero value as true.
* Changed normal language modes to accept ** as a synonym for ^.
* Added "maple" language mode.
* Changed, e.g., Mathematica "(2 + 3 I)^(1.23*10^20)" to include parens.
* Generalized math-compose-big properties for all language modes.
* Introduced "string" and other function for composing expressions.
* Changed many recursive vector routines to use loops instead.
* Added evalv, evalvn function equivalents to `=', `N'.
* Changed "expr =>" not to evaluate at all if in no-simplify mode.
* Redesigned user interface of `a F' (calc-curve-fit) command.
* Added "phase" feature to the rewrite rule system.
* Added "&&&", "|||", "!!!" to the rewrite rule system.
* Introduced a new notation for rewrites: LHS := RHS :: COND.
* Changed `a r' (but not `j r') to repeat 100 times by default.
* Integrated EvalRules more cleanly into the default simplifications.
* Added `H v l' [mdims] to measure the dimensions of a matrix.
* Changed `u c' to interpret "/units" as "1/units".
* Added `u a' to adjust unit prefix letters automatically.
* Changed `u s' to enable scalar mode while simplifying.
* Changed `c f' [pfloat] not to float integer powers or subscripts.
* Added a three-argument form for the "hms" function.
* Changed, e.g., sin(90) degrees to produce 1 instead of 1.0.
* Changed symbolic mode to prefer sqrt(int): abs([1 2 3]) => sqrt(14).
* Enhanced solver to handle, e.g., x + 1/x = a; exp(x) + exp(-x) = a.
* Enhanced simplifier to handle, e.g., exp(a+2) / e^a => e^2.
* Enhanced `a s' to simplify sqrt(x) - x^1:2 and exp(x) - e^x to 0.
* Added -(a + b) to -a - b as a default simplification.
* Added rules for differentiating sum() and prod() functions.
* Added a few more energy units (due to Przemek Klosowski).
* Added overflow/underflow checking for all floating-point arithmetic.
* Extended error forms to work with complex numbers.
* Generalized GCD to handle fractional arguments.
* Changed graphics routines to evaluate "x" values, e.g., [-pi .. pi].
* Added `g q', like `g K' but without viewing the Gnuplot Trail.
* Changed `g p' and `V M' to display better "Working..." messages.
* Modified `M-# g' to be more robust about grabbing formulas.
* Added `Y' prefix key reserved for user-written extensions.
* Added calc-load-hook and calc-ext-load-hook.
* Prevented calc-install from leaving large ~ files behind.
* Changed @bullet to @bullet{} in manual to conform to texinfo spec.
* Rearranged some chapters in the manual to be a bit more logical.
* Added calc-split-summary command.
* Fixed several bugs in embedded mode.
* Fixed a bug in calc-vector-covariance that required a prefix arg.
* Fixed a bug that prevented parsing "a=>" with no right-hand side.
* Fixed a bug which allowed incorrectly dividing a vector by a vector.
* Fixed a bug formatting sum(...)^2 in Big mode.
* Fixed a bug that prevented Calc from deleting old graphics temp files.
* Fixed some typos calling calc-inverse-func instead of calc-invert-func.
* Fixed bugs in the derivatives of conj, deg, and rad; added re, im.
* Fixed a bug where (r;theta) parsed as r exp(theta i) even in Deg mode.
* Fixed a bug which gave wrong answer for exp of a polar complex number.
* Fixed a bug in `Z F' that failed if formula used non-arg variables.
* Fixed a bad pointer to Info node "Assignments in Embedded Mode".
* Fixed several errors in the Calc Summary.
Version 1.08 beta 1:
* Calc's copyright has been assigned to FSF, for inclusion in Emacs 19!
* Changed M-# to be a two-key sequence; use M-# M-# to start Calc now.
* Rewrote and expanded the introductory chapter of the manual.
* Added a key and function summary to the manual.
* Changed the manual to take better advantage of TeX's math formatting.
* Changed manual to be printable in @smallbook format.
* Added "calc-embedded" mode.
* Added "=>" [evalto] operator.
* Added facilities for date and date/time arithmetic.
* Added a set of financial functions (pv, fv, etc.).
* Added infinite quantities inf, uinf, and nan (plus infinite intervals).
* Added "EvalRules", "SimpRules", and "ExtSimpRules" variables.
* Added sum and product commands `a +', `a -', `a *', `a T'.
* Enhanced `a S' and `a P' to solve systems of equations.
* Enhanced solver to handle eqns like sin(x) = cos(2 x), sqrt(x) + x = 1.
* Added `a M' (calc-map-equation) command.
* Added new statistical functions: mean, standard deviation, etc.
* Added line, polynomial, and curve fitting commands (`a L' and `a F').
* Added support for composite units, e.g., "mi+ft+in".
* Enhanced "Big" mode to format square roots, choose, and powers better.
* Enhanced "Big" mode to display fractions in large notation.
* Added several alternate formats for matrix display.
* Changed TeX mode to write "(1 + x^2)" instead of "\left(1 + x^2\right)".
* Added support for relational operators in TeX and FORTRAN modes.
* Added recognition of accents like \dot, \tilde, \underline in TeX mode.
* Added "eqn" language mode.
* Added extra control over display justification with `d <', `d =', `d >'.
* Added calc-left-label and calc-right-label (`d {', `d }').
* Added "nn%" syntax for algebraic formulas; equivalent to "nn * .01".
* Added input syntaxes like a = b = c, a != b != c, a <= b < c.
* Changed "_" to mean subscripts; old use of "_" in vars is now "#".
* Introduced "matrix mode" and "scalar mode" (`m v').
* Introduced generic identity matrices (idn(1)).
* Added a method for declaring variables to be real, integer, > 0, etc.
* Added `Z S' command for editing stored value of a variable.
* Added "subst" algebraic function equivalent to the `a b' command.
* Added `a f' command, changed deriv/integ/solve-for to use it.
* Improved `a s' to simplify (x + y) (y + x) to (x + y)^2.
* Improved `a s' to simplify i^2 to -1.
* Improved `a s' to simplify, e.g., sin(pi/3) in Symbolic mode.
* Improved `a s' to simplify sqrt(8) to 2 sqrt(2), 1/sqrt(2) to sqrt(2)/2.
* Moved sin(arccos(x)) from `a e' to `a s'; not unsafe after all!
* Changed (x y)^z => x^z y^z to be a usually-unsafe simplification.
* Added thorough documentation of `a s' and `a e' to the manual.
* Improved `a c' to collect "f(a)" even if "a" also appears elsewhere.
* Introduced lin, linnt, islin, islinnt functions for linearity testing.
* Improved `a x' to use binomial theorem to give simpler answers.
* Improved `j D' to distribute powers of sums: (a + b)^n.
* Improved `j M' to merge products of powers (may need no-simplify mode).
* Changed to use defvar for DistribRules etc. so `Z V' works with them.
* Improved `j *' and `j /' to work properly in a few more cases.
* Improved `V R' to use identity value when reducing empty vectors.
* Improved `v p' and `v u' to support more complex packing operations.
* Disabled automatic simplification of sqrt(2)/2 to 1/sqrt(2).
* Bound SPC and RET to press, TAB to next-menu in *Calc Keypad* buffer.
* Added C-u ' to do algebraic entry with language mode forced to normal.
* Added "$1", "$2", etc. input notation for algebraic entry.
* Changed unary operators like `n', `&' to treat neg prefix args like RET.
* Changed ` (calc-edit) to show full precision regardless of float format.
* Enhanced quick-calc to display integers in several formats.
* Documented `g H' (calc-graph-hide) command (had been left from manual).
* Enhanced floor/ceil/trunc/round in several ways.
* Added rounde and roundu functions.
* Changed `c 1' through `c 9' to change small floats to 0.0; added `c 0'.
* Enhanced set operations to work on sets of intervals.
* Fixed erf(0), utpn(x,x,y), and arccosh(-1) to work properly.
* Changed complex arctan and arctanh to follow Steele 2nd edition.
* Expanded "Branch Cuts" section of the manual with some useful tables.
* Rearranged order of words in mode line to be a bit more logical.
* Changed `m N' (num-simplify) mode to evaluate constant vectors, too.
* Changed `a r'/`j r' to prompt twice for separate LHS/RHS if necessary.
* Enhanced `let(v,x)' in rewrites by allowing arbitrary patterns for v.
* Changed cursor positioning in second prompt for `a b' (calc-substitute).
* Changed `y' to omit line numbers more consistently.
* Changed `o' (calc-realign) to reset horizontal scrolling to zero, also.
* Added "pred" mode for calc-eval.
* Added "calc-report-bug" as an alias for "report-calc-bug".
* Added `Z T' and "calc-pass-errors" to aid debugging Calc-related code.
* Added "calc-load-everything" (`m X' or `M-# L') command.
* Enhanced calc-install to pre-build units table, CommuteRules, etc.
* Changed Calc to interact more gracefully with load-path.
* Changed Lisp Variable Index in manual to include user variables, too.
* Fixed a bug that prevented calc-install from working under VMS.
* Fixed a bug that sometimes crashed rewrites dealing with subtractions.
* Fixed a bug that prevented `a S' from solving "3 - x = 1 + x"!
* Fixed a bug in solver that crashed for certain cubics and quartics.
* Fixed a bug in calc-simplify that crashed for equations and ineqs.
* Fixed a bug which placed the "[" oddly in `d B' + `v /' mode.
* Fixed a bug where finishing calc-edit improperly obeyed language mode.
* Fixed a bug formatting (-1)^n in Big mode after selection commands.
* Fixed a bug that got ">=" and "<=" backwards in rewrite conditions.
* Fixed a bug that broke the `"x"' key in calc-keypad mode.
* Fixed a bug in which `MAP$' in calc-keypad didn't display "Working...".
* Fixed a bug where matrix division gave bad result for singular matrix.
* Fixed a bug which closed Calc window if calc-grab-region got an error.
* Fixed a bug where `a s' failed on formulas containing dimension errors.
* Fixed a bug that caused `m F' to hang.
* Fixed a bug in complex arithmetic that caused problems with solver.
* Fixed a bug which raised intervals to interval powers incorrectly.
* Fixed a bug in utpp/ltpp (order of arguments did not match the manual).
* Fixed a bug in which `t y' rounded yanked data with old precision.
* Fixed a bug in which "in(3, [3 .. 3))" returned true.
* Fixed a bug which simplified abs(abs(x)) incorrectly.
* Fixed a bug in which (a^2)^1:3 was unsafely simplified to a^2:3.
* Fixed a bug in rewrite system which missed pattern "2 sin(x) cos(x)".
* Fixed a bug in rewrite system which missed pattern "a - a cos(x)^2".
* Fixed obsolete trail tags gsmp, gneg, ginv to jsmp, jneg, jinv.
* Fixed some errors and made improvements in units table [Ulrich Mueller].
Version 1.07:
* Added `m F' (calc-settings-file-name) command.
* Added calc-autoload-directory variable.
* Extended Z ` to accept a prefix argument.
* Added keystrokes (v h, v k) for head, tail, cons.
* Extended `v e' to accept a vector as the filler.
* Changed `V M', `V R' to accept mapping-mode keys in uppercase, too.
* Changed V M ' etc. to accept $, $$, ... as argument indicators.
* Changed `t y' to accept a prefix argument.
* Put in a cleaner and safer random number generator for `k r' et al.
* Fixed a bug which completely broke `a r' command!
* Fixed "0 * matrix" to generate a zero matrix instead of 0.
* Fixed a bug in `a R' which sometimes caused it to crash.
* Fixed a fatal typo in the TeX version of the manual.
* Fixed a bug that prevented C-k, C-w, M-w from working in Trail buffer.
* Fixed another bug in `Z P' command.
* Fixed a bug in `u s' which incorrectly simplified subtractions.
* Fixed an argument-name aliasing bug evaluating lambda( ) formulas.
* Fixed overfull hboxes in the manual.
* Fixed various other bugs in the manual.
Version 1.06:
* Added "calc-keypad" mode for X window system users (try it!).
* Improved "calc-eval" for calling/operating Calc from user-written Lisp.
* Moved vector accumulate command to `V U' (old `H V R' still supported).
* Added right-to-left reductions: `I V R' and `I V U'.
* Added set operations on vectors: intersect, union, diff, xor.
* Added `I v s' to remove a subvector from a vector.
* Introduced `H |' to append two vectors with no magical special cases.
* Introduced rhead, rtail, and rcons for isolating last vector element.
* Changed `g p' to keep temp files around until data actually change.
* Improved `a S' to solve many higher-order polynomial equations.
* Added `a P' to produce a vector of all solutions to an equation.
* Enhanced `a v' and `j v' to allow top-level-only evaluation.
* Changed `j DEL' to delete a side of an eqn or ineq, leaving other side.
* Fixed binding for keys `j 1' through `j 9'.
* Introduced "let" marker in rewrite rules.
* Enhanced the "sign" function to provide a two-argument version.
* Changed "max-specpdl-size exceeded" error message to be user-friendly.
* Put "" in the trail in above case and when user presses C-g.
* Changed TeX mode to generate \ldots instead of \dots, recognize both.
* Changed "sin(0)" etc. (for integer 0) to generate "0" instead of "0.".
* Enhanced Programming Tutorial exercise 2.
* Fixed an error in the answer to Types Tutorial exercise 3.
* Fixed several bugs relating to head, tail, and cons functions.
* Fixed some other minor typos in the manual.
* Fixed several bugs in `Z P' (calc-user-define-permanent).
* Fixed several bugs that broke the `g P' command.
Version 1.05:
* Created a calc-install command to ease installation.
* Added lots of exercises to the Tutorial section of the manual.
* Added ability to select and operate on sub-formulas.
* Substantially improved the algebraic rewrite-rule system.
* Added a set of graphing commands that use GNUPLOT.
* Added a command (`a R') for finding numerical roots to equations.
* Added several new math functions, such as erf and Bessel functions.
* Added key bindings for miscellaneous commands using the "f" prefix key.
* Added lots of new vector operations, many of them in the spirit of APL.
* Added more control over vector display, including an abbreviated mode.
* Improved keyboard macro editing; added read-kbd-macro to macedit.el.
* Introduced the `m S' (calc-shift-prefix) command.
* Enhanced the calc-edit command in several ways.
* Made it possible to hit ` (calc-edit) during numeric/algebraic entry.
* Enhanced the calc-solve-for command to handle inequalities.
* Enhanced calc-simplify to handle equations and inequalities.
* Taught log10 and log to look for exact integer or rational results.
* Added ability to take Nth roots directly.
* Added "increment" and "decrement" commands for integers and floats.
* Added "full-help" command, changed "h" key to invoke it.
* Added special help for Inverse and Hyperbolic prefixes.
* Added an optional prefix argument to `o' (calc-realign).
* Changed `t s' and `t r' to use RET as the search exit key.
* Made handling of operator keys for V M, V R, etc. more regular.
* Improved TeX mode; added support for \matrix format.
* Added a variant of `m a' mode that only affects ( and [ keys.
* Fixed "Mismatch" message for algebraic entry of semi-open intervals.
* Trimmed fat from calc.el to speed loading, moved more to calc-ext.el.
* Fixed a bug in which minibuffer entry rounded to out-of-date precision.
* Fixed a bug which crashed Calc 1.04 under Epoch.
* Fixed a bug which messed up Calc Trail's mode line, among other things.
* Fixed a bug which caused trail ">" to show only when in Trail buffer.
* Fixed a bug in which "calc" called "calc-grab-region" with too few args.
* Fixed bugs in both implementation and documentation of calc-perm.
* Fixed a bug in which calc-simplify-extended always used radians.
* Fixed a bug where calc-comma failed to override "polar" mode.
* Fixed a bug doing mixed arithmetic on rectangular+polar complex numbers.
* Fixed several bugs in transcendental functions with complex arguments.
* Fixed a bug in which `a s' simplified "x / .5" to ".5 x".
* Fixed numerous other bugs in various parts of Calc.
* Completed the "Hooks" section of the "Internals" chapter of the manual.
Version 1.04:
* Included a copy of revision history (from README) in calc.el.
* Added the "calc-split" feature to split calc-ext.el into smaller bits.
* Changed calc-unpack to unpack floats and fractions, too.
* Added "mant", "xpon", and "scf" functions for decomposing floats.
* Fixed a bug in the "y" command with positive prefix arguments.
* Rearranged binary shift/rotate command keys to be a bit more convenient.
* Fixed a bug in which simplifying "(0/0) * 2" crashed with a Lisp error.
* Made `H F' [ffloor] and friends faster for very large arguments.
* Made calc-define-del more robust.
* Handled pasting of data into the Calculator using the mouse under X.
* Made overlay-arrow variables buffer-local to avoid interference.
* Fixed a problem in which Calc Trail buffer got stuck after a C-x C-w.
Version 1.03:
* Changed math-choose to compute n-choose-m faster when m is large.
* Fixed some problems with TeX mode.
* Fixed a bug that prevented `b s' from working without a prefix argument.
* Added "calc-eval" function.
* Improved calc-grab-region.
Version 1.02:
* Fixed a bug in Tutorial: telephone pole height/distance were switched!
* Fixed a few other things in the manual.
* Added "full-calc" command.
* Added "calc-insert-variables" (`Z I') command.
* Quick Calc now works even if you are already in the minibuffer.
* Fixed a bug in math-mul-bignum-digit which affected math-and, etc.
* Definition of "Hectares" was wrong in units table.
* Fixed a bug in calc-execute-kbd-macro concerning undo and refresh.
* Bound "calc-undo" to `C-x u' as well as `C-_' and `U'.
Version 1.01:
* Added a tutorial section to the manual.
* Next and Prev for node Strings in the manual were reversed; fixed.
* Changed "'bignum" in calc-isqrt-bignum-iter to "'bigpos".
* Fixed a bug that prevented "$" from working during algebraic entry.
* Fixed a bug caused by an X (last-X) command following a K (macro) cmd.
* Fixed a bug in which K command incorrectly formatted stack in Big mode.
* Added space between unary operators and non-flat compositions.
(Otherwise, "-(a/b)" in Big mode blended the minus sign into the rule!)
* Fixed formatting of (-1)^n in Big mode.
* Fixed some problems relating to "not" operator in Pascal language mode.
* Fixed several bugs relating to V M ' and V M $ sequences.
* Fixed matrix-vector multiplication to produce a vector.
* Introduced Z ` ... Z ' commands; renamed old Z ' to Z #.
* Fixed various other bugs.
* Added calc-settings-file variable suggested by C. Witty.
Version 1.00:
* First official release of Calc.
* If you used the Beta test version (0.01), you will find that this
version of Calc is over 50% larger than the original release.
General areas of improvement include much better algebra features;
operations on units; language modes; simplification modes; interval
arithmetic; vector mapping and reduction. Other new commands include
calc-fraction and calc-grab-region. The program has been split into
two parts for faster loading, and the manual is more complete.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* lisp/international/README
========================================================================
The following files in this directory are derived from the Unicode
Data File at http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt,
downloaded on 2006-05-23:
charprop.el uni-bidi.el uni-category.el uni-combining.el
uni-comment.el uni-decimal.el uni-decomposition.el uni-digit.el
uni-lowercase.el uni-mirrored.el uni-name.el uni-numeric.el
uni-old-name.el uni-titlecase.el uni-uppercase.el
These files were generated from UnicodeData.txt using unidata-gen.el,
which is not included in the Emacs distribution; it can be found in
the admin/unidata directory of the Emacs source repository at
https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/emacs/
The file UnicodeData.txt is used under the terms of the following
Copyright and Permission Notice:
Copyright (C) 1991-2009 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. Distributed
under the Terms of Use in http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of the Unicode data files and any associated documentation (the
"Data Files") or Unicode software and any associated documentation
(the "Software") to deal in the Data Files or Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Data
Files or Software, and to permit persons to whom the Data Files or
Software are furnished to do so, provided that (a) the above copyright
notice(s) and this permission notice appear with all copies of the
Data Files or Software, (b) both the above copyright notice(s) and
this permission notice appear in associated documentation, and (c)
there is clear notice in each modified Data File or in the Software as
well as in the documentation associated with the Data File(s) or
Software that the data or software has been modified.
THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR
ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE DATA FILES OR
SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder
shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use
or other dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior
written authorization of the copyright holder.
========================================================================
* lisp/term/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 1993, 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains files of elisp that customize Emacs for certain
terminal types.
When Emacs opens a new terminal, it checks the TERM environment variable to
see what type of terminal the user is running on, searches for an elisp file
named "term/${TERM}.el", and if one exists, loads it. If Emacs finds no
suitable file, then it strips the last hyphen and what follows it from TERM,
and tries again. If that still doesn't yield a file, then the previous hyphen
is stripped, and so on until all hyphens are gone. For example, if the
terminal type is `aaa-48-foo', Emacs will try first `term/aaa-48-foo.el', then
`term/aaa-48.el' and finally `term/aaa.el'. Emacs stops searching at the
first file found, and will not load more than one file for any terminal. Note
that it is not an error if Emacs is unable to find a terminal initialization
file; in that case, it will simply proceed with the next step without loading
any files.
Once the file has been loaded (or the search failed), Emacs tries to call a
function named `terminal-init-TERMINALNAME' (eg `terminal-init-aaa-48' for the
`aaa-48' terminal) in order to initialize the terminal. Once again, if the
function is not found, Emacs strips the last component of the name and tries
again using the shorter name. This search is independent of the previous file
search, so that you can have terminal initialization functions for a family of
terminals collected in a single file named after the family name, and users
may put terminal initialization functions directly in their .emacs files.
Note that an individual terminal file is loaded only once in an Emacs
session; if the same terminal type is opened again, Emacs will simply call the
initialization function without reloading the file. Therefore, all the actual
initialization actions should be collected in terminal-init-* functions; the
file should not contain any top-level form that is not a function or variable
declaration. Simply loading the file should not have any side effect.
Similarly, the terminal initialization function is called only once on any
given terminal, when the first frame is created on it. The function is not
called for subsequent frames on the same terminal. Therefore, terminal-init-*
functions should only modify terminal-local variables (such as
`local-function-key-map') and terminal parameters. For example, it is not
correct to modify frame parameters, since the modifications will only be
applied for the first frame opened on the terminal.
When writing terminal packages, there are some things it is good to keep in
mind.
First, about keycap names. Your terminal package can create any keycap
cookies it likes, but there are good reasons to stick to the set recognized by
the X-windows code whenever possible. The key symbols recognized by Emacs
are listed in src/term.c; look for the string `keys' in that file.
For one thing, it means that you'll have the same Emacs key bindings on in
terminal mode as on an X console. If there are differences, you can bet
they'll frustrate you after you've forgotten about them.
For another, the X keysms provide a standard set of names that Emacs knows
about. It tries to bind many of them to useful things at startup, before your
.emacs is read (so you can override them). In some ways, the X keysym standard
is a admittedly poor one; it's incomplete, and not well matched to the set of
`virtual keys' that UNIX terminfo(3) provides. But, trust us, the alternatives
were worse.
This doesn't mean that if your terminal has a "Cokebottle" key you shouldn't
define a [cokebottle] keycap. But if you must define cookies that aren't in
that set, try to pattern them on the standard terminfo variable names for
clarity; also, for a fighting chance that your binding may be useful to someone
else someday.
For example, if your terminal has a `find' key, observe that terminfo
supports a key_find capability and call your cookie [find].
Here is a complete list, with corresponding X keysyms.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable name cap X Keysym Description
-------------- --- ------------ -------------------------------------
key_down kd down Sent by terminal down arrow key
key_up ku up Sent by terminal up arrow key
key_left kl left Sent by terminal left arrow key
key_right kr right Sent by terminal right arrow key
key_home kh home Sent by home key.
key_backspace kb Sent by backspace key
key_dl kd deleteline Sent by delete line key.
key_il kA insertline Sent by insert line.
key_dc kD Sent by delete character key.
key_ic kI insertchar (1) Sent by ins char/enter ins mode key.
key_eic KM Sent by rmir or smir in insert mode.
key_clear kC Sent by clear screen or erase key.
key_eos kS Sent by clear-to-end-of-screen key.
key_eol kE Sent by clear-to-end-of-line key.
key_sf kF Sent by scroll-forward/down key
key_sr kR Sent by scroll-backward/up key
key_npage kN next (2) Sent by next-page key
key_ppage kP prior (2) Sent by previous-page key
key_stab kT Sent by set-tab key
key_ctab kt Sent by clear-tab key
key_catab ka Sent by clear-all-tabs key.
key_enter @8 kp-enter Enter/send (unreliable)
key_print %9 print print or copy
key_ll kH Sent by home-down key
key_a1 K1 kp-1 Upper left of keypad
key_a3 K3 kp-3 Upper right of keypad
key_b2 K2 kp-5 Center of keypad
key_c1 K4 kp-7 Lower left of keypad
key_c3 K5 kp-9 Lower right of keypad
key_btab kB backtab Back tab key
key_beg @1 begin beg(inning) key
key_cancel @2 cancel cancel key
key_close @3 close key
key_command @4 execute (3) cmd (command) key
key_copy @5 copy key
key_create @6 create key
key_end @7 end end key
key_exit @9 exit key
key_find @0 find key
key_help %1 help key
key_mark %2 mark key
key_message %3 message key
key_move %4 move key
key_next %5 next (2) next object key
key_open %6 open key
key_options %7 menu (3) options key
key_previous %8 previous (2) previous object key
key_redo %0 redo redo key
key_reference &1 ref(erence) key
key_refresh &2 refresh key
key_replace &3 replace key
key_restart &4 reset (3) restart key
key_resume &5 resume key
key_save &6 save key
key_sbeg &9 shifted beginning key
key_select *6 select select key
key_suspend &7 suspend key
key_undo &8 undo undo key
key_scancel &0 shifted cancel key
key_scommand *1 shifted command key
key_scopy *2 shifted copy key
key_screate *3 shifted create key
key_sdc *4 shifted delete char key
key_sdl *5 shifted delete line key
key_send *7 shifted end key
key_seol *8 shifted clear line key
key_sexit *9 shifted exit key
key_sf kF shifted find key
key_shelp #1 shifted help key
key_shome #2 shifted home key
key_sic #3 shifted input key
key_sleft #4 shifted left arrow key
key_smessage %a shifted message key
key_smove %b shifted move key
key_snext %c shifted next key
key_soptions %d shifted options key
key_sprevious %e shifted prev key
key_sprint %f shifted print key
key_sredo %g shifted redo key
key_sreplace %h shifted replace key
key_sright %i shifted right arrow
key_sresume %j shifted resume key
key_ssave !1 shifted save key
key_suspend !2 shifted suspend key
key_sundo !3 shifted undo key
key_f0 k0 f0 (4) function key 0
key_f1 k1 f1 function key 1
key_f2 k2 f2 function key 2
key_f3 k3 f3 function key 3
key_f4 k4 f4 function key 4
key_f5 k5 f5 function key 5
key_f6 k6 f6 function key 6
key_f7 k7 f7 function key 7
key_f8 k8 f8 function key 8
key_f9 k9 f9 function key 9
key_f10 k; f10 (4) function key 10
key_f11 F1 f11 function key 11
: : : :
key_f35 FP f35 function key 35
key_f36 FQ function key 36
: : : :
key_f64 k1 function key 64
(1) The terminfo documentation says this may be the 'insert character' or
`enter insert mode' key. Accordingly, key_ic is mapped to the `insertchar'
keysym if there is also a key_dc key; otherwise it's mapped to `insert'.
The presumption is that keyboards with `insert character' keys usually
have `delete character' keys paired with them.
(2) If there is no key_next key but there is a key_npage key, key_npage
will be bound to the `next' keysym. If there is no key_previous key but
there is a key_ppage key, key_ppage will be bound to the `previous' keysym.
(3) Sorry, these are not exact but they're the best we can do.
(4) The uses of the "k0" capability are inconsistent; sometimes it
describes F10, whereas othertimes it describes F0 and "k;" describes F10.
Emacs attempts to politely accommodate both systems by testing for
"k;", and if it is present, assuming that "k0" denotes F0, otherwise F10.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following X keysyms do *not* have terminfo equivalents. These are
the cookies your terminal package will have to set up itself, if you want them:
break
system
user
kp-backtab
kp-space
kp-tab
kp-f1
kp-f2
kp-f3
kp-f4
kp-multiply
kp-add
kp-separator
kp-subtract
kp-decimal
kp-divide
kp-0
kp-2
kp-4
kp-6
kp-8
kp-equal
In general, you should not bind any of the standard keysym names to
functions in a terminal package. There's code in loaddefs.el that does that;
the less people make exceptions to that, the more consistent an interface Emacs
will have across different keyboards. Those exceptions should go in your
.emacs file.
Finally, if you're using a USL UNIX or a Sun box or anything else with the
USL version of curses(3) on it, bear in mind that the original curses(3) had
(and still has) a very much smaller set of keycaps. In fact, the reliable
ones were just the arrow keys and the first ten function keys. If you care
about making your package portable to older Berkeley machines, don't count on
the setup code to bind anything else.
If your terminal's arrow key sequences are so funky that they conflict with
normal Emacs key bindings, the package should set up a function called
(enable-foo-arrow-keys), where `foo' becomes the terminal name, and leave
it up to the user's .emacs file whether to call it.
Before writing a terminal-support package, it's a good idea to read the
existing ones and learn the common conventions.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* msdos/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains scripts for building the DJGPP (a.k.a. MS-DOS)
version of Emacs, and other files useful for running that version of
Emacs.
The files emacs.ico and emacs.pif are for using the DJGPP version on
Windows 3.X. Since these are binary files, their copyright notice is
reproduced here:
# Copyright (C) 1993, 2002-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of GNU Emacs.
#
# This file is free software; as a special exception, the author gives
# unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, with or without
# modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE FILES IS_EXEC.C, SIGACTION.C
As distributed with GNU Emacs, the files is_exec.c and sigaction.c are
Copyright (C) 1995 DJ Delorie, and are licensed under the terms of the
GNU General Public License version 3 (see COPYING), or (at your
option) any later version.
Here we record the details of the legal history of these files.
The files is_exec.c and sigaction.c were originally part of DJGPP,
distributed by DJ Delorie. The versions of these files in DJGPP
contain the following license notice:
Copyright (C) 1995 DJ Delorie, see COPYING.DJ for details
The contents of the file COPYING.DJ (as available at, for example, the
URL: ) are as
follows:
-- COPYING.DJ STARTS HERE --
This is the file "COPYING.DJ". It does NOT apply to any sources or
binaries copyrighted by UCB Berkeley, the Free Software Foundation, or
any other agency besides DJ Delorie and others who have agreed to
allow their sources to be distributed under these terms.
Copyright Information for sources and executables that are marked
Copyright (C) DJ Delorie
334 North Rd
Deerfield NH 03037-1110
This document is Copyright (C) DJ Delorie and may be distributed
verbatim, but changing it is not allowed.
Source code copyright DJ Delorie is distributed under the terms of the
GNU General Public License, with the following exceptions:
* Sources used to build crt0.o, gcrt0.o, libc.a, libdbg.a, and
libemu.a are distributed under the terms of the GNU Library General
Public License, rather than the GNU GPL.
* Any existing copyright or authorship information in any given source
file must remain intact. If you modify a source file, a notice to that
effect must be added to the authorship information in the source file.
* Runtime binaries, as provided by DJ in DJGPP, may be distributed
without sources ONLY if the recipient is given sufficient information
to obtain a copy of djgpp themselves. This primarily applies to
go32-v2.exe, emu387.dxe, and stubedit.exe.
* Runtime objects and libraries, as provided by DJ in DJGPP, when
linked into an application, may be distributed without sources ONLY
if the recipient is given sufficient information to obtain a copy of
djgpp themselves. This primarily applies to crt0.o and libc.a.
-----
Changes to source code copyright BSD, FSF, or others, by DJ Delorie
fall under the terms of the original copyright. Such files usually
have multiple copyright notices in them.
A copy of the files "COPYING" and "COPYING.LIB" are included with this
document. If you did not receive a copy of these files, you may
obtain one from whence this document was obtained, or by writing:
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street,
Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301,
USA
-- COPYING.DJ ENDS HERE --
Both is_exec.c and sigaction.c are parts of DJGPP's libc.a, therefore
according to exception 1 in the above terms their "base" license is
the GNU Library General Public License [now known as the GNU Lesser
General Public License].
The terms of the GNU LGPL, specifically clause 3, which begins:
3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General
Public License instead of this License to a given copy of the
Library.
permit us to relicense the files is_exec.c and sigaction.c as used in
GNU Emacs under the terms of the GNU GPL.
COPYING.DJ, however, lists extra exceptions 2-4 to the GNU licenses.
Items 3 and 4 are not relevant in the case of GNU Emacs, since they
can only apply to copies of DJGPP [confirmed by email from DJ Delorie
to rms at gnu.org and others, 2007/01/31].
Exception 2 of COPYING.DJ, when viewed as an added restriction, rather
than as an interpretation of the GPL, leads to problems. The added
requirement makes the overall license of the file incompatible with
the GNU GPL.
As a solution to this problem, DJ Delorie has kindly granted (February
2007) GNU Emacs an exception, and permits us to license the files
is_exec.c and sigaction.c solely under the terms of the GNU GPL. This
exception applies _only_ to these files as distributed with GNU Emacs.
This solution was arrived at in an email discussion between DJ Delorie
and Richard Stallman in
January/February 2007. We record below a summary of the relevant final
email in this discussion:
From: DJ Delorie
To: rms at gnu.org
Subject: Re: COPYING.DJ and Emacsn
I have no problem with whatever you wish to do with those files in
emacs (as long as djgpp itself doesn't need to change).
Accordingly, in February 2007 we relicensed the files is_exec.c and
sigaction.c as used in GNU Emacs under the GNU GPL.
Copies of both the GNU General Public License and GNU Lesser (Library)
Public License may be obtained from , or:
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* nextstep/GNUstep/Emacs.base/Resources/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
File: emacs.tiff
This is a version of the Emacs 23 icon (see etc/images/icons/README)
by Kentaro Ohkouchi .
========================================================================
* nextstep/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains the files needed to build Emacs on
Nextstep-based platforms, including GNUstep and Mac OS X.
The Nextstep support code works on many POSIX systems (and possibly
W32) using the GNUstep libraries, and on MacOS X systems using the
Cocoa libraries.
See the INSTALL file in this directory for compilation instructions.
Requirements
------------
MacOS X 10.4 or later
- or -
GNUstep "Startup 0.23" or later
Tested on GNU/Linux, should work on other systems, perhaps with minor
build tweaking.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* nt/README
========================================================================
Emacs for Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/ME
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains support for compiling and running GNU Emacs on
Windows NT, Windows 95, and their successors. This port supports all
of the major functionality of the Unix version, including
subprocesses, windowing features (fonts, colors, scroll bars, multiple
frames, etc.), and networking support.
Precompiled distributions are also available; ftp to
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/windows/
for the latest precompiled distributions.
* Building and installing
See the INSTALL file in this directory for detailed instructions on
building and installing Emacs on your system.
* EXE files produced
Building and installing Emacs will produce the following executable
files in the bin directory.
+ emacs.exe - The main Emacs executable. As this is designed to run
as both a text-mode application (emacs -nw) and as a GUI application,
it will pop up a command prompt window if run directly from Explorer.
+ runemacs.exe - A wrapper for running Emacs as a GUI application
without popping up a command prompt window.
+ emacsclient.exe - A command-line client program that can
communicate with a running Emacs process. See the `Emacs Server'
node of the Emacs manual.
+ emacsclientw.exe - A version of emacsclient that does not open
a command-line window.
+ addpm.exe - A basic installer that creates Start Menu icons for Emacs.
Running this is optional.
+ cmdproxy.exe - Used internally by Emacs to work around problems with
the native shells in various versions of Windows.
+ ctags.exe, etags.exe - Tools for generating tag files. See the
`Tags' node of the Emacs manual.
+ ebrowse.exe - A tool for generating C++ browse information. See the
`Ebrowse' manual.
+ ddeclient.exe - A tool for interacting with DDE servers.
+ hexl.exe - A tool for converting files to hex dumps. See the
`Editing Binary Files' node of the Emacs manual.
+ movemail.exe - A helper application for safely moving mail from
a mail spool or POP server to a local user mailbox. See the
`Movemail' node of the Emacs manual.
* Further information
There is a web page that serves as a FAQ for the Windows port of
Emacs (a.k.a. NTEmacs) at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html
There is also a mailing list for discussing issues related to this
port of Emacs. For information about the list, see this Web page:
http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows
To ask questions on the mailing list, send email to
help-emacs-windows@gnu.org. (You don't need to subscribe for that.)
To subscribe to the list or unsubscribe from it, fill the form you
find at http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows as
explained there.
Another valuable source of information and help which should not be
overlooked is the various Usenet news groups dedicated to Emacs.
These are particularly good for help with general issues which aren't
specific to the Windows port of Emacs. The main news groups to use
for seeking help are:
gnu.emacs.help
comp.emacs
There are also fairly regular postings and announcements of new or
updated Emacs packages on this group:
gnu.emacs.sources
* Reporting bugs
If you encounter a bug in this port of Emacs, we would like to hear
about it. First check the file etc/PROBLEMS and the FAQ on the web
page above to see if the bug is already known and if there are any
workarounds. If not, then check whether the bug has something to do
with code in your .emacs file, e.g. by invoking Emacs with the "-Q"
option.
Use the built in bug reporting functionality in Emacs so that it
will be seen by the right people. You can use the command M-x
report-emacs-bug to create and send the bug report, but in some
cases there is a function to report bugs in a specific package;
e.g. M-x gnus-bug for Gnus, M-x c-submit-bug-report for C/C++/Java
mode, etc.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* nt/README.W32
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
Emacs for Windows
This README.W32 file describes how to set up and run a precompiled
distribution of GNU Emacs for Windows. You can find the precompiled
distribution on the ftp.gnu.org server and its mirrors:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/windows/
This server contains other distributions, including the full Emacs
source distribution and a barebin distribution which can be installed
over it, as well as older releases of Emacs for Windows.
Information on how to compile Emacs from sources on Windows is in
the files README and INSTALL in this directory. If you received
this file as part of the Emacs source distribution, please read
those 2 files and not this one.
Answers to frequently asked questions, and further information about
this port of GNU Emacs and related software packages can be found via
http:
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/
* Preliminaries
Along with this file should be six subdirectories (bin, etc, info,
lisp, leim, site-lisp). If you have downloaded the barebin
distribution, then it will contain only the bin directory and the
built in documentation in etc/DOC-X, the rest of the subdirectories
are in the src distribution, which the barebin distribution is
designed to be used with.
* Setting up Emacs
To install Emacs, simply unpack all the files into a directory of
your choice, but note that you might encounter minor problems if
there is a space anywhere in the directory name. To complete the
installation process, you can optionally run the program addpm.exe
in the bin subdirectory. This will put an icon for Emacs in the
Start Menu under "Start -> Programs -> Gnu Emacs".
Some users have reported that the Start Menu item is not created for
them. If this happens, just create your own shortcut to runemacs.exe,
eg. by dragging it on to the desktop or the Start button.
Note that running addpm is now an optional step; Emacs is able to
locate all of its files without needing any information to be set in
the environment or the registry, although such settings will still
be obeyed if present. This is convenient for running Emacs on a
machine which disallows registry changes, or on which software
should not be installed. For instance, you can now run Emacs
directly from a CD or USB flash drive without copying or installing
anything on the machine itself.
* Prerequisites for Windows 9X
To run Emacs on Windows 9X (Windows 95/98/Me), you will need to have
the Microsoft Layer for Unicode (MSLU) installed. It can be
downloaded from the Microsoft site, and comes in a form of a single
dynamic library called UNICOWS.DLL. If this library is not
accessible to Emacs, it will pop up a dialog saying that it cannot
find the library, and will refuse to start up a GUI session.
(However, it is still possible to use Emacs in text mode, even
without UNICOWS.DLL, by invoking it as "emacs -nw", see below.)
* Starting Emacs
To run Emacs, simply select Emacs from the Start Menu, or invoke
runemacs.exe directly from Explorer or from a command prompt. This
will start Emacs in its default GUI mode, ready to use. If you have
never used Emacs before, you should follow the tutorial at this
point (select Emacs Tutorial from the Help menu), since Emacs is
quite different from ordinary Windows applications in many respects.
If you want to use Emacs in tty or character mode within a command
window, you can start it by typing "emacs -nw" at the command prompt.
(Obviously, you need to ensure that the Emacs bin subdirectory is in
your PATH first, or specify the path to emacs.exe.) The -nw
(non-windowed) mode of operation is most useful if you have a telnet
server on your machine, allowing you to run Emacs remotely.
* EXE files included
Emacs comes with the following executable files in the bin directory.
+ emacs.exe - The main Emacs executable. As this is designed to run
as both a text-mode application (emacs -nw) and as a GUI application,
it will pop up a command prompt window if run directly from Explorer.
+ runemacs.exe - A wrapper for running Emacs as a GUI application
without popping up a command prompt window. If you create a
desktop shortcut for invoking Emacs, make it point to this
executable, not to emacs.exe.
+ emacsclient.exe - A command-line client program that can
communicate with a running Emacs process. See the `Emacs Server'
node of the Emacs manual.
+ emacsclientw.exe - A version of emacsclient that does not open
a command-line window.
+ addpm.exe - A basic installer that creates Start Menu icons for Emacs.
Running this is optional.
+ cmdproxy.exe - Used internally by Emacs to work around problems with
the native shells in various versions of Windows.
+ ctags.exe, etags.exe - Tools for generating tag files. See the
`Tags' node of the Emacs manual.
+ ebrowse.exe - A tool for generating C++ browse information. See the
`Ebrowse' manual.
+ ddeclient.exe - A tool for interacting with DDE servers.
+ hexl.exe - A tool for producing hex dumps of binary files. See the
`Editing Binary Files' node of the Emacs manual.
+ movemail.exe - A helper application for safely moving mail from
a mail spool or POP server to a local user mailbox. See the
`Movemail' node of the Emacs manual.
* Image support
Emacs has built in support for XBM and PPM/PGM/PBM images, and the
libXpm library is bundled, providing XPM support (required for color
toolbar icons and splash screen). Source for libXpm should be available
on the same place as you got this binary distribution from.
Emacs can also support some other image formats with appropriate
libraries. These libraries are all available as part of GTK
download for Windows (http://www.gtk.org/download/win32.php), or
from the GnuWin32 project. Emacs will find them if the directory
they are installed in is on the PATH.
PNG: requires the PNG reference library 1.4 or later, which will
be named libpng14.dll or libpng14-14.dll. LibPNG requires zlib,
which should come from the same source as you got libpng.
Starting with Emacs 23.3, the precompiled Emacs binaries are
built with libpng 1.4.x and later, and are incompatible with
earlier versions of libpng DLLs. So if you have libpng 1.2.x,
the PNG support will not work, and you will have to download
newer versions.
JPEG: requires the Independent JPEG Group's libjpeg 6b or later,
which will be called jpeg62.dll, libjpeg.dll, jpeg-62.dll or jpeg.dll.
TIFF: requires libTIFF 3.0 or later, which will be called libtiff3.dll
or libtiff.dll.
GIF: requires libungif or giflib 4.1 or later, which will be
called giflib4.dll, libungif4.dll or libungif.dll.
If you have image support DLLs under different names, customize the
value of `dynamic-library-alist'.
In addition, Emacs can be compiled to support SVG. This precompiled
distribution has not been compiled that way, since the SVG library
or one or more of its extensive dependencies appear to be
unreliable under Windows. See nt/INSTALL in the src distribution if
you wish to compile Emacs with SVG support.
* GnuTLS support
In order to support GnuTLS at runtime, Emacs must be able to find
the relevant DLLs during startup; failure to do so is not an error,
but GnuTLS won't be available to the running session.
You can get pre-built binaries (including any required DLL and the
header files) at http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/.
* libxml2 support
In order to support libxml2 at runtime, a libxml2-enabled Emacs must
be able to find the relevant DLLs during startup; failure to do so
is not an error, but libxml2 features won't be available to the
running session.
You can get pre-built binaries (including any required DLL and the
header files) at http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/.
* Uninstalling Emacs
If you should need to uninstall Emacs, simply delete all the files
and subdirectories from the directory where it was unpacked (Emacs
does not install or update any files in system directories or
anywhere else). If you ran the addpm.exe program to create the
registry entries and the Start menu icon, then you can remove the
registry entries using regedit. All of the settings are written
under the Software\GNU\Emacs key in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, or if you
didn't have administrator privileges when you installed, the same
key in HKEY_CURRENT_USER. Just delete the whole Software\GNU\Emacs
key.
The Start menu entry can be removed by right-clicking on the Task bar
and selecting Properties, then using the Remove option on the Start
Menu Programs page. (If you installed under an account with
administrator privileges, then you need to click the Advanced button
and look for the Gnu Emacs menu item under All Users.)
* Troubleshooting
Unpacking the distributions
If you encounter trouble trying to run Emacs, there are a number of
possible causes. Check the following for indications that the
distribution was not corrupted by the tools used to unpack it:
* Be sure to disable CR/LF translation or the executables will
be unusable. Older versions of WinZipNT would enable this
translation by default. If you are using WinZipNT, disable it.
(I don't have WinZipNT myself, and I do not know the specific
commands necessary to disable it.)
* Check that filenames were not truncated to 8.3. For example,
there should be a file lisp\abbrevlist.elc; if this has been
truncated to abbrevli.elc, your distribution has been corrupted
while unpacking and Emacs will not start.
* On Windows 9X, make sure you have the UNICOWS.DLL library either
in the same directory where you have emacs.exe or in the
directory where system-wide DLLs are kept.
If you believe you have unpacked the distributions correctly and are
still encountering problems, see the section on Further Information
below.
Virus scanners
Some virus scanners interfere with Emacs' use of subprocesses. If you
are unable to use subprocesses and you use Dr. Solomon's WinGuard or
McAfee's Vshield, turn off "Scan all files" (WinGuard) or "boot sector
scanning" (McAfee exclusion properties).
* Further information
If you have access to the World Wide Web, I would recommend pointing
your favorite web browser to the following document (if you haven't
already):
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/
This document serves as an FAQ and a source for further information
about the Windows port and related software packages.
In addition to the FAQ, there is a mailing list for discussing issues
related to the Windows port of Emacs. For information about the
list, see this Web page:
http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows
To ask questions on the mailing list, send email to
help-emacs-windows@gnu.org. (You don't need to subscribe for that.)
To subscribe to the list or unsubscribe from it, fill the form you
find at http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows as
explained there.
Another valuable source of information and help which should not be
overlooked is the various Usenet news groups dedicated to Emacs.
These are particularly good for help with general issues which aren't
specific to the Windows port of Emacs. The main news groups to use
for seeking help are:
gnu.emacs.help
comp.emacs
There are also fairly regular postings and announcements of new or
updated Emacs packages on this group:
gnu.emacs.sources
* Reporting bugs
If you encounter a bug in this port of Emacs, we would like to hear
about it. First check the FAQ on the web page above to see if the bug
is already known and if there are any workarounds. Then check whether
the bug has something to do with code in your .emacs file, e.g. by
invoking Emacs with the "-Q" option.
If you decide that it is a bug in Emacs, use the built in bug
reporting facility to report it (from the menu; Help -> Send Bug Report).
If you have not yet configured Emacs for mail, then when you press
C-c C-c to send the report, it will ask you to paste the text of the
report into your mail client. If the bug is related to subprocesses,
also specify which shell you are using (e.g., include the values of
`shell-file-name' and `explicit-shell-file-name' in your message).
Enjoy!
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* nt/icons/README
========================================================================
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION FOR IMAGE FILES
File: emacs.ico
Author: Kentaro Ohkouchi
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later
File: emacs22.ico
Author: Andrew Zhilin
Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
Files: gnu2a32.ico gnu2a32t.ico gnu2b48.ico gnu2b48t.ico
gnu3b32.ico gnu3b32t.ico gnu4g48.ico gnu4g48t.ico
gnu5w32.ico gnu5w32t.ico gnu6w48.ico gnu6w48t.ico
gnu7.ico gnu8.ico gnu9.ico
Author: Rob Davenport
Copyright (C) 1999, 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License: GNU General Public License version 3 or later (see COPYING)
"These are some images of a 3D stylized gnu head that I created back
in 1998. I started studying pictures of gnus and wildebeests and
worked with a 3D modeller, sPatch, until I came up with these. Then
I worked to make them into icons - cropping the horns off the sides
so the images were big enough to be recognizable (to me anyway)."
File: hand.cur
Converted from index.png in GTK+ 2.x by Jason Rumney.
Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
Tuomas Kuosmanen, Rodney Dawes, Jakub Steiner, Alexander Larsson, Tor
Lillqvist, Garrett LeSage, Dennis Cranston, Jody Goldberg, Luca
Ferretti, Mark Finlay, Lapo Calamandrei, Andreas Nilsson and Marco
Pesenti Gritti
License: GNU General Public License version 2
========================================================================
* oldXMenu/README
========================================================================
Most of the files in this directory are originally from the X11R2
XMenu library, distributed by MIT under the terms in the file copyright.h.
As of Release 2 of the X Window System, Version 11 from MIT, the XMenu
library is no longer supported. It is not used in any software
supplied by MIT and its use is not encouraged.
In X11R1, oldXMenu/ was found in the lib/ directory of the X11 source;
but in X11R2 it was moved to contrib/.
The following files are from the X11 oldXMenu/ directory:
Activate.c AddPane.c AddSel.c ChgPane.c ChgSel.c Create.c DelPane.c
DelSel.c Destroy.c Error.c EvHand.c FindPane.c FindSel.c InsPane.c
InsSel.c Internal.c Locate.c Post.c Recomp.c SetAEQ.c SetFrz.c
SetPane.c SetSel.c XMenu.h XMenuInt.h (renamed from "XMenuInternal.h")
The following files are from the X11 oldX/ directory:
X10.h XCrAssoc.c XDelAssoc.c XDestAssoc.c XLookAssoc.c XMakeAssoc.c
This code is used by Emacs in the absence of an X-toolkit.
========================================================================
* src/README
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
This directory contains the source files for the C component of GNU Emacs.
Nothing in this directory is needed for using Emacs once it is built
and installed, if the dumped Emacs (on Unix systems) is copied elsewhere.
See the files ../README and then ../INSTALL for installation instructions.
Under GNU and Unix systems, the file `Makefile.in' is used as a
template by the script `../configure' to produce `Makefile'. This
is the file which actually controls the compilation of Emacs.
All of this should work transparently to the user; you should only
need to run `../configure', and then type `make'.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* src/bitmaps/README
========================================================================
This directory contains bitmap files that Emacs uses from
/usr/include/X11/bitmaps.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION
These bitmaps are the same as those contained in X Version 11 Release
4 (released 1989). The correspondence between the Emacs filenames and
the original include/X11/bitmaps/ filenames is as follows:
Emacs: X11R4:
cntrpmsk.xbm cntr_ptrmsk
cntrptr.xbm cntr_ptr
crosswv.xbm cross_weave
dimple1.xbm dimple1
dimple3.xbm dimple3
gray.xbm gray
gray1.xbm gray1
gray3.xbm gray3
leftpmsk.xbm left_ptrmsk
leftptr.xbm left_ptr
rtpmsk.xbm right_ptrmsk
rtptr.xbm right_ptr
stipple.xbm stipple
The following copyright and license notice appeared in the parent
directory of the X11R4 bitmaps/ directory (in include/X11/copyright.h):
Copyright 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 by the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or
publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the
suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty.
========================================================================
* COPYING, etc/COPYING, info/COPYING, leim/COPYING, lib-src/COPYING, lib/COPYING,
lisp/COPYING, lwlib/COPYING, msdos/COPYING, nt/COPYING, src/COPYING
========================================================================
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
form of a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
Copyright (C)
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see .
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Copyright (C)
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
.
========================================================================
* admin/notes/copyright
========================================================================
Copyright (C) 2007-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
NOTES ON COPYRIGHTS AND LICENSES
Some terminology:
A "copyright notice" consists of one or a few lines of this format:
"Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
A "license notice" is a statement of permissions, and is usually much
longer, eg the text "GNU Emacs is free software...".
Summary for the impatient:
1. Don't add code to Emacs written by someone other than yourself
without thinking about the legal aspect. Even if the changes are
trivial, consider if they combine with previous changes by the same
author to make a non-trivial total. If so, make sure they have an
assignment. If adding a whole file adjust the copyright statements in
the file.
2. When installing code written by someone else, the ChangeLog entry
should be in the name of the author of the code, not the person who
installs it. Also use bzr commit's "--author" option.
Do not install any of your own changes in the same commit.
3. With images, add the legal info to a README file in the directory
containing the image.
4. If you add a lot of text to a previously trivial file that had no
legal notices, consider if you should add a copyright statement.
5. Please don't just add an FSF copyright without checking that is the
right thing to do.
Every non-trivial file distributed through the Emacs repository should be
self-explanatory in terms of copyright and license. This includes
files that are not distributed in Emacs releases (for example, the
admin/ directory), because the whole Emacs repository is publicly
available.
The definition of triviality is a little vague, but a rule of thumb is
that any file with less than 15 lines of actual content is trivial. If
a file is auto-generated (eg ldefs-boot.el) from another one in the
repository, then it does not really matter about adding a copyright
statement to the generated file.
Legal advice says that we could, if we wished, put a license notice
even in trivial files, because copyright law in general looks at the
overall work as a whole. It is not _necessary_ to do so, and rms
prefers that we do not. This means one needs to take care that trivial
files do not grow and become non-trivial without having a license
added. NB consequently, if you add a lot of text to a small file,
consider whether your changes have made the file worthy of a copyright
notice, and if so, please add one.
It can be helpful to put a reminder comment at the start of a trivial
file, eg: "add a license notice if this grows to > 10 lines of code".
The years in the copyright notice should be updated every year (see
file "years" in this directory). The PDF versions of refcards etc
should display copyright notices (an exception to the rule about
"generated" files), but these can just display the latest year. The
full list of years should be kept in comments in the source file. If
these are distributed in the repository, check in a regenerated
version when the tex files are updated.
Copyright changes should be propagated to any associated repositories
(eg Gnus, MH-E), but I think in every case this happens automatically
(?).
All README (and other such text files) that are non-trivial should
contain copyright statements and GPL license notices, exactly as .el
files do (see e.g. README in the top-level directory). Before 2007,
we used a simple, short statement permitting copying and modification
provided legal notices were retained. In Feb 2007 we switched to the
standard GPL text, on legal advice. Some older text files in etc/
should, however, keep their current licenses (see below for list).
For image files, the copyright and license details should be recorded
in a README file in each directory with images. (Legal advice says
that we need not add notices to each image file individually, if they
allow for that.). It is recommended to use the word "convert" to
describe the automatic process of changing an image from one format to
another (http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2007-02/msg00618.html).
When installing a file with an "unusual" license (after checking first
it is ok), put a copy of the copyright and license in the file (if
possible. It's ok if this makes the file incompatible with its
original format, if it can still be used by Emacs), or in a README
file in the relevant directory.
The vast majority of files are copyright FSF and distributed under the
GPL. A few files (mainly related to language and charset support) are
copyright AIST alone, or both AIST and FSF. (Contact Kenichi Handa
with questions about legal issues in such files.) In all these cases,
the copyright years in each file should be updated each year.
There are some exceptions to the points in the previous paragraph, and
these are listed below for reference, together with any files where
the copyright needs to be updated in "unusual" ways.
If you find any other such cases, please consult to check they are ok,
and note them in this file. This includes missing copyright notices,
and "odd" copyright holders. In most cases, individual authors should
not appear in copyright statements. Either the copyright has been
assigned (check copyright.list) to the FSF (in which case the original
author should be removed and the year(s) transferred to the FSF); or
else it is possible the file should not be in Emacs at all (please
report!).
Note that it seems painfully clear that one cannot rely on commit logs,
or even ChangeLogs, for older changes. People often installed changes
from others, without recording the true authorship.
[For reference, most of these points were established via email with
rms, 2007/1, "Copyright years".
In March 2011, information on some files no longer included was removed.
Consult older versions of this document if interested.]
lisp/version.el # emacs-copyright
lib-src/ebrowse.c # version
lib-src/etags.c # print_version
lib-src/rcs2log # Copyright
Cocoa/Emacs.base/Contents/Info.plist
Cocoa/Emacs.base/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings
GNUstep/Emacs.base/Resources/Info-gnustep.plist
`set-copyright' in admin.el will do all the above.
aclocal.m4
configure
m4/*.m4
- copyright FSF, with unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify
lib/Makefile.in
- copyright FSF, with MIT-like license
build-aux/install-sh
- this file is copyright MIT, which is OK. Leave the copyright alone.
etc/refcards/*.tex
also update the \def\year macro for the latest year.
etc/future-bug
- doesn't need a humorless disclaimer, because Karl Fogel says we
can consider it part of Emacs, and he has a blanker disclaimer for
Emacs changes. (email to rgm "[Emacs-commit] emacs/etc future-bug",
2007028)
etc/letter.pbm,letter.xpm
- trivial, no notice needed.
etc/FTP, ORDERS
- trivial (at time of writing), no license needed
etc/GNU, INTERVIEW, LINUX-GNU, MOTIVATION, SERVICE, THE-GNU-PROJECT,
WHY-FREE
rms: "These are statements of opinion or testimony. Their licenses
should permit verbatim copying only. Please don't change the
licenses that they have. They are distributed with Emacs but they
are not part of Emacs."
etc/HELLO
standard notices. Just a note that although the file itself is not
really copyrightable, in the wider context of it being part of
Emacs (and written by those with assignments), a standard notice is
fine.
etc/MAILINGLISTS
rms: simple license is fine for this file
leim/CXTERM-DIC/4Corner.tit, ARRAY30.tit, CCDOSPY.tit, ECDICT.tit,
ETZY.tit, PY-b5.tit, Punct-b5.tit, Punct.tit, QJ-b5.tit, QJ.tit,
SW.tit, TONEPY.tit, ZOZY.tit
- leave the copyrights alone.
leim/MISC-DIC/CTLau-b5.html, CTLau.html, cangjie-table.b5, cangjie-table.cns,
pinyin.map, ziranma.cin
- leave the copyright alone.
Note that pinyin.map, ziranma.cin (and hence the generated
leim/quail/PY.el, ZIRANMA.el) are under GPLv1 or later.
leim/SKK-DIC/SKK-JISYO.L
ja-dic/ja-dic.el
(the latter is auto-generated from the former). Leave the copyright alone.
lib-src/etags.c
Copyright information is duplicated in etc/ETAGS.README. Update that
file too.
Until 2007 etags.c was described as being copyright FSF and Ken Arnold.
After some investigation in Feb 2007, then to the best of our
knowledge we believe that the original 1984 Emacs version was based
on the version in BSD4.2. See for example this 1985 post from Ken Arnold:
I have received enough requests for the current source to ctags
to post it. Here is the latest version (what will go out with
4.3, modulo any bugs fixed during the beta period). It is the
4.2 ctags with recognition of yacc and lex tags added.
See also a 1984 version of ctags (no copyright) posted to net.sources:
Version of etags.c in emacs-16.56 duplicates comment typos.
Accordingly, in Feb 2007 we added a 1984 copyright for the
University of California and a revised BSD license. The terms of
this require that the full license details be available in binary
distributions - hence the file etc/ETAGS.README. The fact that the
--version output just says "Copyright FSF" is apparently OK
from a legal point of view.
lisp/cedet/semantic/imenu.el
- See http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2010-03/msg00410.html
in which Eric Ludlam established that the remaining contributions
from authors other than himself were negligible.
lisp/play/tetris.el
- no special rules about the copyright. We note here that we believe
(2007/1) there is no problem with our use of the name "tetris" or
the concept.
rms: "My understanding is that game rules as such are not copyrightable."
rms: Legal advice is that we are ok and need not worry about this.
lisp/net/tramp.el
- there are also copyrights in the body of the file. Update these too.
lwlib/
rms (2007/02/17): "lwlib is not assigned to the FSF; we don't consider
it part of Emacs. [...] Therefore non-FSF copyrights are ok in lwlib."
NB don't change the GPL version used for lwlib .c and .h files (see
below).
FSF copyrights should only appear in files which have undergone
non-trivial cumulative changes from the original versions in the Lucid
Widget Library. NB this means that if you make non-trivial changes to
a file with no FSF copyright, you should add one. Also, if changes are
reverted to the extent that a file becomes basically the same as the
original version, the FSF copyright should be removed.
In my (rgm) opinion, as of Feb 2007, all the non-trivial files differ
significantly from the original versions, with the exception of
lwlib-Xm.h. Most of the changes that were made to this file have
subsequently been reverted. Therefore I removed the FSF copyright from
this file (which is arguably too trivial to merit a notice anyway). I
added FSF copyright to the following files which did not have them
already: Makefile.in, lwlib-Xaw.c, lwlib-int.h (borderline),
lwlib-utils.c (borderline), lwlib.c, lwlib.h.
Copyright years before the advent of public CVS in 2001 were those
when I judged (from the CVS logs) that non-trivial amounts of change
had taken place. I also adjusted the existing FSF years in xlwmenu.c,
xlwmenu.h, and xlwmenuP.h on the same basis.
Note that until Feb 2007, the following files in lwlib were lacking
notices: lwlib-int.h, lwlib.h, lwlib-Xaw.h, lwlib-Xlw.h, lwlib-utils.h
The following files did not list a Lucid copyright: xlwmenu.h,
xlwmenuP.h.
To the best of our knowledge, all the code files in lwlib were
originally part of the Lucid Widget Library, even if they did not say
so explicitly. For example, they were all present in Lucid Emacs 19.1
in 1992. The exceptions are the two Xaw files, which did not appear
till Lucid Emacs 19.9 in 1994. The file lwlib-Xaw.h is too trivial to
merit a copyright notice, but would presumably have the same one as
lwlib-Xaw.c. We have been unable to find a true standalone version of
LWL, if there was such a thing, to check definitively.
To clarify the situation, in Feb 2007 we added Lucid copyrights and
GPL notices to those files lacking either that were non-trivial,
namely: lwlib-int.h, lwlib.h, xlwmenu.h, xlwmenuP.h. This represents
our best understanding of the legal status of these files. We also
clarified the notices in Makefile.in, which was originally the
Makefile auto-generated from Lucid's Imakefile.
As of Feb 2007, the following files are considered too trivial for
notices: lwlib-Xaw.h, lwlib-Xlw.h, lwlib-utils.h.
The version of lwlib/ first installed in Emacs seems to be the same as
that used in Lucid Emacs 19.8 (released 6-sep-93); except the two Xaw
files, which did not appear till Athena support was added in Lucid
Emacs 19.9. In Lucid Emacs 19.1, all files were under GPLv1 or later,
but by Lucid Emacs 19.8, lwlib.c and xlwmenu.c had been switched to v2
or later. These are the versions that were first installed in Emacs.
So in GNU Emacs, these two files have been under v2 or later since
1994.
It seems that it was the intention of Lucid to use v1 or later
(excepting the two files mentioned previously); so this is the license
we have used when adding notices to code that did not have notices
originally. Although we have the legal right to switch to v2 or later,
rms prefers that we do not do so.
doc/*/doclicense.texi
- leave the copyright alone in this imported file.
doc/*/*.texi - All manuals should be under GFDL (but see below), and
should include a copy of it, so that they can be distributed
separately. faq.texi has a different license, for some reason no-one
can remember.
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2007-04/msg00583.html
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2007-04/msg00618.html
doc/misc/mh-e.texi is dual-licensed (GPL and GFDL) per agreement with
FSF (reconfirmed by rms Aug 25 2008). Discussion with
licensing@fsf.org starting on Thu, 07 Aug 2003 with subject:
"[gnu.org #58812] Changing license of MH-E manual"
msdos/is_exec.c, sigaction.c - these files are copyright DJ Delorie.
Leave the copyrights alone. Leave the Eli Zaretskii copyright in
is_exec.c alone. See the msdos/README file for the legal history of
these files.
msdos/sed*.inp - These files are copyright FSF and distributed under
an MIT-like license.
oldXMenu/
Keep the "copyright.h" method used by X11, rather than moving the
licenses into the files. Note that the original X10.h did not use
copyright.h, but had an explicit notice, which we retain.
If you make non-trivial changes to a file which does not have an FSF
notice, add one and a GPL notice (as per Activate.c). If changes to a
file are reverted such that it becomes essentially the same as the
original X11 version, remove the FSF notice and GPL.
Only the files which differ significantly from the original X11
versions should have FSF copyright and GPL notices. At time of writing
(Feb 2007), this is: Activate.c, Create.c, Internal.c. I (rgm)
established this by diff'ing the current files against those in X11R1,
and when I found significant differences looking in the ChangeLog for
the years they originated (the CVS logs are truncated before 1999). I
therefore removed the FSF notices (added in 200x) from the other
files. There are some borderline cases IMO: AddSel.c, InsSel.c,
XMakeAssoc.c, XMenu.h. For these I erred on the side of NOT adding FSF
notices.
With regards to whether the files we have changed should have GPL
added or not, rms says (2007-02-25, "oldXmenu issues"):
It does not make much difference, because oldXmenu is obsolete
except for use in Emacs (and it is not normally used in Emacs any
more either).
So, to make things simple, please put our changes under the GPL.
insque.c had no copyright notice until 2005. The version of insque.c
added to Emacs 1992-01-27 is essentially the same as insremque.c added
to glic three days later by Roland McGrath, with an FSF copyright and
GPL, but no ChangeLog entry:
To the best of his recollection, McGrath (who has a copyright
assignment) was the author of this file (email from roland at frob.com
to rms, 2007-02-23, "Where did insque.c come from?"). The FSF
copyright and GPL in this file are therefore correct as far as we
understand it.
Imakefile had no legal info in Feb 2007, but was obviously based on
the X11 version (which also had no explicit legal info). As it was
unused, I removed it. It would have the same MIT copyright as
Makefile.in does now.
src/gmalloc.c
- contains numerous copyrights from the GNU C library. Leave them alone.
src/ndir.h
- see comments below. This file is OK to be released with Emacs
22, but we may want to revisit it afterwards.
** Some notes on resolved issues, for historical information only
etc/TERMS
rms: "surely written either by me or by ESR. (If you can figure out
which year, I can probably tell you which.) Either way, we have papers
for it." It was present in Emacs-16.56 (15-jul-85). rms: "Then I
conclude it was written by me."
lisp/term/README
- had no copyright notice till Feb 2007. ChangeLog.3 suggests it was
written by Eric Raymond. When asked by rms on 14 Feb 2007 he said:
I don't remember writing it, but it reads like my prose and I believe
I wrote the feature(s) it's describing. So I would have been the
likeliest person to write it.
Odds are that I did, but I'm not certain.
Accordingly, FSF copyright was added.
src/unexhp9k800.c
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2007-02/msg00138.html
- briefly removed due to legal uncertainly Jan-Mar 2007. The
relevant assignment is under "hp9k800" in copyright.list. File was
written by John V. Morris at HP, and disclaimed by the author and
HP. So this file is public domain.
lisp/progmodes/python.el
Dave Love alerted us to a potential legal problem:
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-pretest-bug/2007-04/msg00459.html
On consultation with a lawyer, we found there was no problem:
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2007-05/msg00466.html
** Issues that are "fixed" for the release of Emacs 22, but we may
wish to revisit later in more detail
admin/check-doc-strings
File says it's in the public domain, but that might not make it so.
etc/e/eterm-color.ti
src/ndir.h
On legal advice from Matt Norwood, the following comment was added
to these files in Feb/Mar 2007:
The code here is forced by the interface, and is not subject to
copyright, constituting the only possible expression of the
algorithm in this format.
With the addition of this notice, these files are OK for the
upcoming Emacs-22 release. Post-release, we can revisit this issue
and possibly add a list of all authors who have changed these files.
(details in email from Matt Norwood to rms, 2007/02/03).
src/s/aix3-2.h, hpux8.h, hpux9.h, irix5-0.h, netbsd.h, usg5-4-2.h
[note some of these have since been merged into other files]
- all these (not obviously trivial) files were missing copyrights
till Feb 2007, when FSF copyright was added. Matt Norwood advised:
For now, I think the best policy is to assume that we do have
assignments from the authors (I recall many of these header files
as having been originally written by rms), and to attach an FSF
copyright with GPL notice. We can amend this if and when we
complete the code audit. Any additions to these files by
non-assigned authors are arguably "de minimis" contributions to
Emacs: small changes or suggestions to a work that are subsumed in
the main authors' copyright in the entire work.
Here is my (rgm) take on the details of the above files:
? irix5-0.h
I would say started non-trivial (1993, jimb, heavily based
on irix4-0.h). A few borderline non-tiny changes since.
usg5-4-2.h
started non-trivial, but was heavily based on usg5-4.h, which was and is
copyright FSF. only tiny changes since installed.
aix3-2.h, hpux8.h, hpux9.h, netbsd.h
started trivial, grown in tiny changes.
netbsd.h:
Roland McGrath said to rms (2007/02/17): "I don't really remember
anything about it. If I put it in without other comment, then probably
I wrote it myself."
Someone might want to tweak the copyright years (for dates before
2001) that I used in all these files.
Note: erring on the side of caution, I also added notices to some
files I thought might be considered non-trivial (if one includes
comment) in s/:
aix4-1.h hpux10.h irix6-5.h
sol2.h
(everything with > 30 non-blank lines, which at least is _some_ kind of
system)
*** These are copyright issues that need not be fixed until after
Emacs 22 is released (though if they can be fixed before, that is
obviously good):
Is it OK to just `bzr remove' a file for legal reasons, or is
something more drastic needed? A removed file is still available from
the repository, if suitable options are applied. (This issue obviously
does not affect a release).
rms: will ask lawyer
Make sure that all files with non-standard copyrights or licenses are
noted in this file.
REMOVED etc/gnu.xpm, nt/icons/emacs21.ico, nt/icons/sink.ico
- Restore if find legal info. emacs21.ico is not due to Davenport.
Geoff Voelker checked but could not find a record of where it came
from.
etc/images
Image files from GTK, Gnome are under GPLv2 (no "or later"?). RMS will
contact image authors in regards to future switch to v3.
etc/TUTORIAL* (translations)
switch to GPL (see english TUTORIAL)
rms: "We can leave the TUTORIAL translations alone until their
maintainers update them."
Can adapt short license text from end of GPL translations at:
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/translations.html
Only a few sentences around the license notice need changing from
previous version.
Done: TUTORIAL.eo
*** These are copyright issues still to be addressed:
None known.
** NOTES ON RELICENSING TO GPL3
The EMACS_22_BASE branch was changed to GPLv3 (or later) 2007/07/25.
Some notes:
(see http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2007-07/msg01431.html)
1. There are some files in the Emacs tree which are not part of Emacs (eg
those included from Gnulib). These are all copyright FSF and (at time
of writing) GPL >= 2. rms says may as well leave the licenses of these
alone (may import them from Gnulib again). These are:
Gnulib:
build-aux/compile
build-aux/config.guess
build-aux/config.sub
build-aux/depcomp
build-aux/missing
build-aux/move-if-change
build-aux/snippet/_Noreturn.h
build-aux/snippet/arg-nonnull.h
build-aux/snippet/c++defs.h
build-aux/snippet/warn-on-use.h
doc/man/texinfo.tex
lib/*.[ch]
lib/gnulib.mk
src/gmalloc.c
src/termcap.c
src/tparam.c
Note _not_ included in the above are src/regex.{c,h} (rms: "That
forked version is only in Emacs, so definitely relicense that."), and
oldXMenu/insque.c (rms: "We wrote that specifically for Emacs, so
definitely relicense that.").
2. The files that are copyright FSF and AIST, or AIST alone, should be
and were updated, ditto the oldXMenu files with FSF copyright, and
msdos/is_exec.c and sigaction.c.
3. lwlib/
Files originally in Lucid Widget Library were left alone (excludes
ChangeLog, etc), ie remain under GPL v1 or later, or v2 or later.
(rms: "We may as well leave this alone, since we are never going to
change it much.")
4. There are some files where the FSF holds no copyright. These were
left alone:
leim/MISC-DIC/CTLau-b5.html >= v2
leim/MISC-DIC/CTLau.html >= v2
(above included in lisp/international/titdic-cnv.el)
leim/MISC-DIC/pinyin.map >= v1
leim/MISC-DIC/ziranma.cin >= v1
leim/SKK-DIC/SKK-JISYO.L >= v2
leim/SKK-DIC/README >= v2
leim/ja-dic/ja-dic.el >= v2
5. At time of writing, some non-Emacs icons included from Gnome remain
under GPLv2 (no "or later"). See:
etc/images/gnus/README
etc/images/mail/README
etc/images/README
nt/icons/README
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see .
========================================================================
* etc/copying.paper
========================================================================
(For more information about the GNU project and free software,
look at the files `GNU', `COPYING', and `DISTRIB', in the same
directory as this file.)
Why Software Should Be Free
by Richard Stallman
(Version of April 24, 1992)
Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Verbatim copying and redistribution is permitted
without royalty; alteration is not permitted.
Introduction
************
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
copy. It is possible for them to copy the program; who should decide
whether this is done? The individuals involved? Or another party,
called the "owner"?
Software developers typically consider these questions on the
assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers'
profits. The political power of business has led to the government
adoption of both this criterion and the answer proposed by the
developers: that the program has an owner, typically a corporation
associated with its development.
I would like to consider the same question using a different
criterion: the prosperity and freedom of the public in general.
This answer cannot be decided by current law--the law should conform
to ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current practice decide
this question, although it may suggest possible answers. The only way
to judge is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners
of software, why, and how much. In other words, we should perform a
cost-benefit analysis on behalf of society as a whole, taking account of
individual freedom as well as production of material goods.
In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show
that the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that programmers
have the duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study and
improve the software we write: in other words, to write "free"
software.(1)
How Owners Justify Their Power
******************************
Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
emotional argument and the economic argument.
The emotional argument goes like this: "I put my sweat, my heart, my
soul into this program. It comes from *me*, it's *mine*!"
This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of
attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it
is not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same
programmers usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a
salary; the emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast,
consider the great artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't
even sign their names to their work. To them, the name of the artist
was not important. What mattered was that the work was done--and the
purpose it would serve. This view prevailed for hundreds of years.
The economic argument goes like this: "I want to get rich (usually
described inaccurately as `making a living'), and if you don't allow me
to get rich by programming, then I won't program. Everyone else is like
me, so nobody will ever program. And then you'll be stuck with no
programs at all!" This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice
from the wise.
I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to
address an implicit assumption that is more visible in another
formulation of the argument.
This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a
proprietary program with that of no program, and then concludes that
proprietary software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and
should be encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two
outcomes--proprietary software vs. no software--and assuming there are
no other possibilities.
Given a system of intellectual property, software development is
usually linked with the existence of an owner who controls the
software's use. As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced
with the choice of proprietary software or none. However, this linkage
is not inherent or inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific
social/legal policy decision that we are questioning: the decision to
have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
vs. no software is begging the question.
The Argument against Having Owners
**********************************
The question at hand is, "Should development of software be linked
with having owners to restrict the use of it?"
In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of
each of those two activities *independently*: the effect of developing
the software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect
of restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If
one of these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be
better off dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one.
To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program
already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical
software developer will reject the option of doing so.
To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare
the value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with
that of the same program, available to everyone. This means comparing
two possible worlds.
This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes
made that "the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a
program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner." This
counterargument assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in
magnitude. The analysis involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows
that the benefit is much greater.
To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road
construction.
It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with
tolls. This would entail having toll booths at all street corners.
Such a system would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It
would also have the virtue of causing the users of any given road to
pay for that road. However, a toll booth is an artificial obstruction
to smooth driving--artificial, because it is not a consequence of how
roads or cars work.
Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that
(all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to
construct, cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.(2) In a
poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens.
The roads without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at
less cost; they are preferable for society. Therefore, society should
choose to fund roads in another way, not by means of toll booths. Use
of roads, once built, should be free.
When the advocates of toll booths propose them as *merely* a way of
raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll booths
do raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they
degrade the road. The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving
us more or technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this
means substituting toll roads for free roads.
Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the
public must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability
of toll booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for
our money by buying a free road.
I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That
would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the
road--but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector. However, as
long as the toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is
better to raise the funds in a less obstructive fashion.
To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show
that having "toll booths" for useful software programs costs society
dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more
expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use. It
will follow that program construction should be encouraged in some other
way. Then I will go on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to
the extent actually necessary) funding software development.
The Harm Done by Obstructing Software
=====================================
Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any
necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must
choose either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use.
Assume that the existence of the program and its availability is a
desirable thing.(3)
Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program
cannot facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can
only be negative. But how much? And what kind?
Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:
* Fewer people use the program.
* None of the users can adapt or fix the program.
* Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work
on it.
Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial
harm. This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their
subsequent feelings, attitudes and predispositions. These changes in
people's ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their
relationships with their fellow citizens, and can have material
consequences.
The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the
program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they
waste nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program
harms society by at most the effort that went into writing the program.
Arguably a program that is profitable to sell must provide some net
direct material benefit.
However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there
is no limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do.
Obstructing Use of Programs
===========================
The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy
of a program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by
doing the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero
price. A license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program.
If a widely-useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it.
It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to
society is reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of
the program, faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay,
or may forego use of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a
zero-sum transfer of wealth between two parties. But each time someone
chooses to forego use of the program, this harms that person without
benefiting anyone. The sum of negative numbers and zeros must be
negative.
But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to *develop*
the program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in
delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced.
This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and
cars, chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material
objects outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy;
anyone can produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little
effort. This isn't true for material objects because matter is
conserved: each new copy has to be built from raw materials in the same
way that the first copy was built.
With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense,
because fewer objects bought means less raw materials and work needed
to make them. It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a
development cost, which is spread over the production run. But as long
as the marginal cost of production is significant, adding a share of the
development cost does not make a qualitative difference. And it does
not require restrictions on the freedom of ordinary users.
However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free
is a qualitative change. A centrally-imposed fee for software
distribution becomes a powerful disincentive.
What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even
as a means of delivering copies of software. This system involves
enclosing physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping
large numbers of them around the world, and storing them for sale. This
cost is presented as an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part
of the waste caused by having owners.
Damaging Social Cohesion
========================
Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a
certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel
that proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it.
A proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while
restraining the other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should
find it acceptable.
Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your
neighbor: "I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I
can have a copy for myself." People who make such choices feel
internal psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the
importance of helping one's neighbors--thus public spirit suffers.
This is psychosocial harm associated with the material harm of
discouraging use of the program.
Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so
they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway.
But they often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must
break the laws in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider
the laws authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor
(which they are) is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of
psychosocial harm, but one can escape it by deciding that these licenses
and laws have no moral force.
Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users
will not be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of
cynicism or denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the
work that he finds technically exciting; then when asked, "Will I be
permitted to use it?", his face falls, and he admits the answer is no.
To avoid feeling discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the
time or adopts a cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of
it.
Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States
is not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together
for the public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the
expense of the latter.
Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs
=========================================
The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs.
The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over
older technology. But most commercially available software isn't
available for modification, even after you buy it. It's available for
you to take it or leave it, as a black box--that is all.
A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose
meaning is obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily
change the numbers to make the program do something different.
Programmers normally work with the "source code" for a program, which
is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C. It uses
names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and
it represents operations with symbols such as `+' for addition and `-'
for subtraction. It is designed to help programmers read and change
programs. Here is an example; a program to calculate the distance
between two points in a plane:
float
distance (p0, p1)
struct point p0, p1;
{
float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;
float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;
return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);
}
Here is the same program in executable form, on the computer I
normally use:
1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862
1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208
-234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424
1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495
572518958 -803143692 1314803317
Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a
program. But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source
code. Usually the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret
by the owner, lest anybody else learn something from it. Users receive
only the files of incomprehensible numbers that the computer will
execute. This means that only the program's owner can change the
program.
A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about
six months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially
available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for
that commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted
to their needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not
permitted to--the source code was a secret. So she had to do six
months of make-work, work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste.
The MIT Artificial Intelligence lab (AI lab) received a graphics
printer as a gift from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software
to which we added many convenient features. For example, the software
would notify a user immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever
the printer had trouble, such as a paper jam or running out of paper,
the software would immediately notify all users who had print jobs
queued. These features facilitated smooth operation.
Later Xerox gave the AI lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first
laser printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a
separate dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite
features. We could arrange to send a notification when a print job was
sent to the dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually
printed (and the delay was usually considerable). There was no way to
find out when the job was actually printed; you could only guess. And
no one was informed when there was a paper jam, so the printer often
went for an hour without being fixed.
The system programmers at the AI lab were capable of fixing such
problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program.
Xerox was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we
were forced to accept the problems. They were never fixed.
Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank
could afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from
scratch, but a typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up.
Giving up causes psychosocial harm--to the spirit of self-reliance.
It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange to suit
your needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can
spread to affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel this way
are unhappy and do not do good work.
Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same
fashion as software. You might say, "How do I change this recipe to
take out the salt?", and the great chef would respond, "How dare you
insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to
tamper with it? You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and
make it work right!"
"But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do?
Will you take out the salt for me?"
"I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000." Since the
owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large. "However,
right now I don't have time. I am busy with a commission to design a
new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department. I might get
around to you in about two years."
Obstructing Software Development
================================
The third level of material harm affects software development.
Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person
would take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new
feature, and then another person would rewrite parts to add another
feature; in some cases, this continued over a period of twenty years.
Meanwhile, parts of the program would be "cannibalized" to form the
beginnings of other programs.
The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it
necessary to start from scratch when developing a program. It also
prevents new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn
useful techniques or even how large programs can be structured.
Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in
computer science who have never seen the source code of a large
program. They may be good at writing small programs, but they can't
begin to learn the different skills of writing large ones if they can't
see how others have done it.
In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing
on the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in
the software field--you can only stand on the shoulders of the other
people *in your own company*.
The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific
cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate
even when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese
oceanographers abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific
carefully preserved their work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a
note asking them to take good care of it.
Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared.
Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers
to enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough
to let readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is
certainly true in computer science, where the source code for the
programs reported on is usually secret.
It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted
============================================
I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying,
changing and building on a program. I have not specified how this
obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion.
Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or
encryption, or ROM cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it *succeeds*
in preventing use, it does harm.
Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others.
I suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their
objective.
Software Should be Free
=======================
I have shown how ownership of a program--the power to restrict
changing or copying it--is obstructive. Its negative effects are
widespread and important. It follows that society shouldn't have
owners for programs.
Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free
software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging
the substitute is not a rational way to get what we need.
Vaclav Havel has advised us to "Work for something because it is
good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed." A business
making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
terms, but it is not what is good for society.
Why People Will Develop Software
********************************
If we eliminate intellectual property as a means of encouraging
people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
but that software will be more useful. It is not clear whether the
overall delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if
we wish to increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage
development, just as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money
for streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I want to
question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary.
Programming is Fun
==================
There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money;
road construction, for example. There are other fields of study and
art in which there is little chance to become rich, which people enter
for their fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples
include mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and
political organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly
than bitterly, for the few funded positions available, none of which is
funded very well. They may even pay for the chance to work in the
field, if they can afford to.
Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the
possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand
the same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing
what they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by,
everyone connected with the field will deride the idea that work would
be done in the field without large financial returns. They will advise
social planners to ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing
special privileges, powers and monopolies as necessary to do so.
This change happened in the field of computer programming in the past
decade. Fifteen years ago, there were articles on "computer
addiction": users were "onlining" and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits.
It was generally understood that people frequently loved programming
enough to break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood
that no one would program except for a high rate of pay. People have
forgotten what they knew fifteen years ago.
When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a
certain field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic
of change can run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we
take away the possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the
people have readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager
to work in the field for the joy of accomplishment.
The question, "How can we pay programmers?", becomes an easier
question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a
fortune. A mere living is easier to raise.
Funding Free Software
=====================
Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses.
Many other institutions already exist which can do this.
Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software
development even if they cannot control the use of the software. In
1970, much of their software was free because they did not consider
restricting it. Today, their increasing willingness to join
consortiums shows their realization that owning the software is not
what is really important for them.
Universities conduct many programming projects. Today, they often
sell the results, but in the 1970s, they did not. Is there any doubt
that universities would develop free software if they were not allowed
to sell software? These projects could be supported by the same
government contracts and grants which now support proprietary software
development.
It is common today for university researchers to get grants to
develop a system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call
that "finished", and then start companies where they really finish the
project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare the unfinished
version "free"; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an
exclusive license from the university. This is not a secret; it is
openly admitted by everyone concerned. Yet if the researchers were not
exposed to the temptation to do these things, they would still do their
research.
Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling
services related to the software. I have been hired to port the GNU C
compiler to new hardware, and to make user-interface extensions to GNU
Emacs. (I offer these improvements to the public once they are done.)
I also teach classes for which I am paid.
I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful,
growing corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other
companies also provide commercial support for the free software of the
GNU system. This is the beginning of the independent software support
industry-an industry that could become quite large if free software
becomes prevalent. It provides users with an option generally
unavailable for proprietary software, except to the very wealthy.
New institutions such as the Free Software Foundation can also fund
programmers. Most of the foundation's funds come from users buying
tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes is free, which means
that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, but many
nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that "free software" refers to
freedom, not to price.) Some users order tapes who already have a copy,
as a way of making a contribution they feel we deserve. The Foundation
also receives sizable donations from computer manufacturers.
The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on
hiring as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a
business, distributing the same free software to the public for the same
fee, it would now provide a very good living for its founder.
Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the
Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this
because we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction
in knowing that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of
all, they do it because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers
have written many useful programs for us. (Recently even technical
writers have begun to volunteer.)
This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all
fields, along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one
will want to program.
What Do Users Owe to Developers?
================================
There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral
obligation to contribute to its support. Developers of free software
are contributing to the users' activities, and it is both fair and in
the long term interest of the users to give them funds to continue.
However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers,
since obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward.
We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled
to the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral
obligation into a requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A
developer can either deserve a reward or demand it, but not both.
I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act
so as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for
voluntary donations. Eventually the users will learn to support
developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
radio and television stations.
What Is Software Productivity?
******************************
If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?
Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than
in 1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few
deliver more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call
this improved productivity. Free software would require far fewer
programmers to satisfy the demand, because of increased software
productivity at all levels:
* Wider use of each program that is developed.
* The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead
of starting from scratch.
* Better education of programmers.
* The elimination of duplicate development effort.
Those who object to cooperation because it would result in the
employment of fewer programmers, are actually objecting to increased
productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely-held belief
that the software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?
"Software productivity" can mean two different things: the overall
productivity of all software development, or the productivity of
individual projects. Overall productivity is what society would like to
improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the
artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it. But researchers
who study the field of "software productivity" focus only on the
second, limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult
technological advances.
Is Competition Inevitable?
**************************
Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not
harmful; the harmful thing is *combat*.
There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to
achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the
old days, there was competition among programming wizards--competition
for who could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who
could make the shortest or fastest program for a given task. This kind
of competition can benefit everyone, *as long as* the spirit of good
sportsmanship is maintained.
Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to
great efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have
visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to
do this. But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on
desert islands. They are content to let the best person win.
Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to
impede each other instead of advancing themselves--when "Let the best
person win" gives way to "Let me win, best or not." Proprietary
software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but
because it is a form of combat among the citizens of our society.
Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when
two grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own
operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a
special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for
combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all
areas of business share this characteristic. Withholding information
that could help everyone advance is a form of combat.
Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to
combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been made banned with
anti-trust laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than
generalizing this to a principled rejection of combat in general,
executives invent other forms of combat which are not specifically
prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic
equivalent of factional civil war.
"Why Don't You Move to Russia?"
*******************************
In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For
example, it is leveled against the supporters of a national health care
system, such as is found in all the other industrialized nations of the
free world. It is leveled against the advocates of public support for
the arts, also universal in advanced nations. The idea that citizens
have any obligation to the public good is identified in America with
Communism. But how similar are these ideas?
Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of
central control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the
common good, but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist
party. And where copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent
illegal copying.
The American system of intellectual property exercises central
control over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment
with automatic copying protection schemes to prevent illegal copying.
By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to
decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors,
and free to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily
lives. A system based on voluntary cooperation, and decentralization.
Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.
The Question of Premises
************************
I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other
words, their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide
which course of action is best.
This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an
author's employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else.
They say, for example, that the purpose of having owners of software is
to give the author's employer the advantage he deserves--regardless of
how this may affect the public.
It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof
requires shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed
only to those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested
in what their consequences are. For those who believe that the owners
are more important than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant.
But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise which
elevates certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly
because of the belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions
of American society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means
challenging the basis of society.
It is important for these people to know that this premise is not
part of our legal tradition. It never has been.
Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to
"promote the progress of science and the useful arts." The Supreme
Court has elaborated on this, stating in `Fox Film vs. Doyal' that "The
sole interest of the United States and the primary object in conferring
the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by the
public from the labors of authors."
We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme
Court. (At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions
do not disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the
awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.
Conclusion
**********
We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
the wealth they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite
message.
Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard
the welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard
from Ronald Reagan to Jim Bakker, from Ivan Boesky to Exxon, from
failing banks to failing schools. We can measure it with the size of
the homeless population and the prison population. The antisocial
spirit feeds on itself, because the more we see that other people will
not help us, the more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays
into a jungle.
If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes.
We must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who
cooperates when appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) The word "free" in "free software" refers to freedom, not to
price; the price paid for a copy of a free program may be zero, or
small, or (rarely) quite large.
(2) The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter
this conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to
discourage driving in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using
toll booths, which contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax
on gasoline is much better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by
limiting maximum speed is not relevant; a free access road enhances the
average speed by avoiding stops and delays, for any given speed limit.
(3) One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful
thing that should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace
database of personal information, which was withdrawn from sale due to
public disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to this case,
but it makes little sense to argue for having an owner on the grounds
that the owner will make the program less available. The owner will
not make it *completely* unavailable, as one would wish in the case of
a program whose use is considered destructive.